New Strategies for Soot Emission Reduction of HD Vehicles

Rothe, Dieter; Zuther, Frank Ingo; Jacob, Eberhard; Messerer, A.; Pöschl, Ulrich; Knab, Christian; Mangold, Max; Mangold, Christian

doi:10.4271/2004-01-3046

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Instead, they target reaching the required PM emission levels by partial removal and later combustion of the soot particles, while strongly reducing the volatile fraction of the particles. Several experiments with diesel vehicles and these types of catalyst called PM-KAT (PM-catalystsystem) and POC (particle oxidation catalyst) have shown PM (and nonvolatile PN) reductions of the order of 20-70% (Rothe et al 2004;Vakkilainen and Lylykangas 2004;Vaaraslahti et al 2006;Giechaskiel et al 2008c).…”

Section: Oxidation Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Automotive Nonvolatile Particle Number Emissions within the European Legislative Framework: A Review

Giechaskiel

Mamakos

Andersson

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

205

145

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In 2011, the European Commission introduced a limit for nonvolatile particle number (PN) emissions >23 nm from light-duty (LD) vehicles and the stated intent is to implement similar legislation for on-road heavy-duty (HD) engines at the next legislative stage. This paper reviews the recent literature regarding the operation-dependent emission of PN from LD vehicles and HD engines, and the measurement procedure used for regulatory purposes. The repeatability of the PN method is of the order of 5% and higher scatter of the results can easily be explained by the effect of the vehicles or the aftertreatment devices on the PN emissions (e.g., the fill state of the diesel particulate filters). Reproducibility remains an issue since it may exceed 30%. These high-variability levels are mainly associated with calibration uncertainties of the PN instruments. Correlation measurements between the full-flow dilution tunnels (constant-volume samplers, CVS) and the proportional partial-flow dilution systems (PFDS) showed agreement within 15% for the PN method down to 1 × 10 11 p/kWh. At lower concentrations, the PN background of the CVS and/or the PFDS can result in larger inconsistencies. The filter-based particulate matter (PM) mass and the PN emissions correlate well down to 1-2 mg/km for LD vehicles and to 2-3 mg/kWh for HD applications. The correlation improves when only elemental carbon mass is considered: it is relatively good down to 0.1-0.3 mg/km or mg/kWh. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACEA Association des Constructeurs Européens d'Auto mobiles (European Automobile Manufacturers' Association) AM Accumulation mode APC AVL particle counter

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Section: Oxidation Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Automotive Nonvolatile Particle Number Emissions within the European Legislative Framework: A Review

Giechaskiel

Mamakos

Andersson

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

205

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Instead, they target in reaching the required emission levels by partial removal of the solid particles while strongly reducing the volatile fraction of the particles. Preliminary experiments with diesel vehicles and two new types of catalyst called PM-KAT (PM-catalyst-system) (10) and POC (particle oxidation catalyst) (11) have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oxidation Catalysts on Diesel Soot Particles

Vaaraslahti

Ristimäki

Virtanen

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The effect of a conventional oxidation catalyst and a novel particle oxidation catalyst (POC) on diesel particles is studied using identical methodology. Regulated particulate matter emission measurement is followed by analyzing soluble organic fraction. In addition, size distributions are measured using a partial flow sampling system with a thermodenuder as an option. A parallel ELPI-SMPS method is used to study the particle effective density and, further, the mass. Tests are conducted using a heavy duty diesel engine with a very low sulfur fuel. A decrease in particle mass was observed when using a catalyst. When using a conventional catalyst the decrease was attributed to the decrease of soluble organic fraction, while using POC the nonsoluble fraction was also found to decrease, by 8-38%. This observation is confirmed by particle number measurement, and POC was found to decrease the dry particle number concentration measured downstream of a thermodenuder by 13-28%. Further particle structure analysis indicated lower density values when using conventional catalyst or POC. The physical size of the particles was not changed noticeably over either catalyst--implying the soluble organic fraction was condensed onto the soot, filling the voids in the porous structure of soot agglomerates, when no catalyst is used.

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“…[137,198,[204][205][206] For compliance with these emission limits, different particle filter or trapping and exhaust-treatment technologies have been developed and are currently being introduced into diesel vehicles. Depending on the design of the particle filter or trap and catalytic converter systems, their operation can lead to substantial excess NO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Aerosol Health Effects and Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Aerosols: Composition, Transformation, Climate and Health Effects

2005

Self Cite

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Aerosols are of central importance for atmospheric chemistry and physics, the biosphere, climate, and public health. The airborne solid and liquid particles in the nanometer to micrometer size range influence the energy balance of the Earth, the hydrological cycle, atmospheric circulation, and the abundance of greenhouse and reactive trace gases. Moreover, they play important roles in the reproduction of biological organisms and can cause or enhance diseases. The primary parameters that determine the environmental and health effects of aerosol particles are their concentration, size, structure, and chemical composition. These parameters, however, are spatially and temporally highly variable. The quantification and identification of biological particles and carbonaceous components of fine particulate matter in the air (organic compounds and black or elemental carbon, respectively) represent demanding analytical challenges. This Review outlines the current state of knowledge, major open questions, and research perspectives on the properties and interactions of atmospheric aerosols and their effects on climate and human health.

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New Strategies for Soot Emission Reduction of HD Vehicles

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Measurement of Automotive Nonvolatile Particle Number Emissions within the European Legislative Framework: A Review

Measurement of Automotive Nonvolatile Particle Number Emissions within the European Legislative Framework: A Review

Effect of Oxidation Catalysts on Diesel Soot Particles

Atmospheric Aerosols: Composition, Transformation, Climate and Health Effects

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