“…Various synchronization techniques have been proposed in literatures. The zero crossing detection methods [7,8], the space-vector filtering (SVF) method [9], the artificial neural networks (ANN) method [10], the recursive weighted least-squares estimation (WLSE) algorithm [11], the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and its modifications [12], the method based on the concept of adaptive notch filtering (ANF) [13], the Kalman filtering technique [14], the frequency-locked loop (FLL) method [15], three-phase open-loop phase-locked method [16], and the phase-locked loop (PLL) based on algorithms [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] are among the existing synchronization techniques. This paper incorporates the merits of the three-phase open-loop and closed-loop phase-locked method, and puts forward a new closed-loop phase-locked method with frequency adaptation function for three-phase grid-connected inverters.…”