New Systems for Wind Noise Reduction for Infrasonic Measurements

Raspet, Richard; Abbott, JohnPaul R.; Webster, Jeremy; Yu, Jiao; Talmadge, Carrick L.; Alberts, Kirkpatrick; Collier, Sandra L.; Noble, John M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75140-5_3

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The second factor is mechanical noise suppression. Half of the sensors comprising the infrasound arrays in this study use physical noise canceling technology, such as wind domes (Lyons et al, ; Raspet et al, ; Walker & Hedlin, ). The TA stations in contrast, which make up the bulk of the single‐sensor stations, do not use spatial wind filtering devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Detection and Location of Explosive Volcanism in Alaska With the EarthScope Transportable Array

et al. 2020

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The current deployment of the EarthScope Transportable Array (TA) in Alaska affords an unprecedented opportunity to study explosive volcanic eruptions using a relatively dense regional seismoacoustic network. Infrasound monitoring has demonstrated utility for the remote (>250 km range) detection and characterization of volcanic explosions, but previous studies have used relatively sparse regional or global networks. Seventy explosive events from the locally unmonitored Bogoslof volcano (2016-2017) provide a unique validation data set to examine the ability of the TA and other regional networks to detect and locate remote explosive volcanic eruptions in Alaska. With a simple envelope-based reverse time migration (RTM) technique, we are able to detect and locate more than 72% of the 61 Bogoslof infrasound events detected by the Alaska Volcano Observatory. Notably, RTM using only sparse regional infrasound arrays produces results similar to when incorporating the extensive single-sensor TA network, likely due to favorable signal-to-noise ratios, seasonal propagation conditions, and source-receiver geometries. Our implementation also detects and locates explosive eruptions from Cleveland volcano, Alaska, and Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka, as well as infrasound from nonvolcanic events such as earthquakes. We characterize the success of the RTM algorithm and associated parameter choices using receiver operating characteristic curves, event detection rates, and location accuracy. Our methods are useful for explosive volcanic and nonvolcanic event detection and localization using real-time data and for scanning continuous waveform data archives.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Detection and Location of Explosive Volcanism in Alaska With the EarthScope Transportable Array

et al. 2020

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“…Air turbulence can generate dynamic pressure effects or stagnation pressure at the pressure dome (Raspet et al, 2019). The stagnation pressure increases with altitude, which results in higher wind speeds.…”

Section: Casing Design For Pressure Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The INFRA-EAR: a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for monitoring geophysical parameters

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Geophysical studies and real-time monitoring of natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions or severe weather events, benefit from the joint analysis of multiple geophysical parameters. However, typical geophysical measurement platforms still provide logging solutions for a single parameter, due to different community standards and the higher cost per added sensor. In this work, the Infrasound and Environmental Atmospheric data Recorder (INFRA-EAR) is presented, which has been designed as a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for geophysical monitoring. In particular, the platform monitors infrasound but concurrently measures barometric pressure, accelerations, and wind flow and uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to position the platform. Due to its digital design, the sensor platform can be readily integrated with existing geophysical data infrastructures and be embedded in geophysical data analysis. The small dimensions and low cost per unit allow for unconventional, experimental designs, for example, high-density spatial sampling or deployment on moving measurement platforms. Moreover, such deployments can complement existing high-fidelity geophysical sensor networks. The platform is designed using digital micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors embedded on a printed circuit board (PCB). The MEMS sensors on the PCB are a GPS, a three-component accelerometer, a barometric pressure sensor, an anemometer, and a differential pressure sensor. A programmable microcontroller unit controls the sampling frequency of the sensors and data storage. A waterproof casing is used to protect the mobile platform against the weather. The casing is created with a stereolithography (SLA) Formlabs 3D printer using durable resin. Thanks to low power consumption (9 Wh over 25 d), the system can be powered by a battery or solar panel. Besides the description of the platform design, we discuss the calibration and performance of the individual sensors.

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“…The signal strength depends, in turn, on the transmission loss that a signal experiences, while propagating from source to receiver [Waxler and Assink, 2019]. The noise are predominantly determined by local wind noise conditions [Raspet et al, 2019], in addition to the sensor self-noise. Due to the presence of atmospheric waveguides and low absorption at infrasonic frequency [Sutherland and Bass, 2004], infrasonic signals can be detected at long distances from an infrasonic source.…”

Section: Infrasound Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pressure field at infrasonic frequencies consists, in addition to coherent acoustic signals, to a large degree of pressure perturbations due to wind and turbulence, and which is generally referred to as wind-noise [Walker and Hedlin, 2010]. Wind noise is present over the complete infrasonic frequency range with a typical noise amplitude level decrease with increasing frequencies, following a f −5/3 slope [Raspet et al, 2019].…”

Section: Wind Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

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A low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for monitoring geophysical parameters

Ouden

Assink

Oudshoorn

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Geophysical studies and real-time monitoring of natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions or severe weather events, benefit from the joint analysis of multiple geophysical parameters. However, typical geophysical measurement platforms still provide logging solutions for a single parameter, due to different community standards and the higher cost rate per added sensor. In this work, the infrasound-logger is presented, which has been designed as a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for geophysical monitoring. The platform monitors in particular infrasound, but concurrently measures barometric pressure, accelerations, wind flow and uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) for positioning of the platform. Due to its digital design, the sensor platform can readily be integrated with existing geophysical data infrastructures and be embedded in the analysis of geophysical data. The small dimensions and lower cost price per unit allow for unconventional experimental designs, for example high density spatial sampling or deployment on moving measurement platforms. Moreover, such deployments can complement existing high-fidelity geophysical sensor networks. The platform is designed using digital Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors that are embedded on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The MEMS sensors on the PCB are: a GPS, a three-component accelerometer, a barometric pressure sensor, an anemometer and a differential pressure sensor. A programmable microcontroller unit controls the sampling frequency of the sensors, and the data storage. A waterproof casing is used to protect the mobile platform against the weather. The casing is created with a stereolithography (SLA) Formlabs 3D printer, using durable resin. Thanks to a low power consumption (9 Wh over 25 days), the system can be powered by a battery or solar panel. Besides the description of the platform design, we discuss the calibration and performance of the individual sensors.

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New Systems for Wind Noise Reduction for Infrasonic Measurements

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Remote Detection and Location of Explosive Volcanism in Alaska With the EarthScope Transportable Array

Remote Detection and Location of Explosive Volcanism in Alaska With the EarthScope Transportable Array

The INFRA-EAR: a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for monitoring geophysical parameters

A low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for monitoring geophysical parameters

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