New taxa in Glomeromycota: Polonosporaceae fam. nov., Polonospora gen. nov., and P. polonica comb. nov.

Abstract

Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the nuc rDNA small subunit (18S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), and large subunit (28S) region (= 18S-ITS-28S), as well as sequences of this region concatenated with sequences of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) gene, proved that the species originally described as Acaulospora polonica (phylum Glomeromycota) represents a new genus and a new family of the ancient order Archaeosporales, here introduced into the Glomeromycota under the names Polonospora and Polonosporaceae, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses and BLASTn queries also indicated that the Polonosporaceae with P. polonica comb. nov. still contains several morphologically undescribed taxa at the ranks of genus and species, which have a worldwide distribution.

Phenol and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Are Stronger Drivers Than Host Plant Species in Shaping the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Component of the Mycorrhizosphere

“…A peculiar feature of the studied AMF communities was a very high abundance of Paraglomeraceae and Polonosporaceae . Polonosporaceae is a newly recognized family in the order Archaeosporales [ 48 ]. Before the recognition of this new family, sequences grouping within this taxon were detected in several environmental studies, proving a worldwide distribution of its members [ 28 , 49 ].…”

“…Overall, the 629 sequences in the dataset represented 45 genera and 196 species from all the orders and families recognized in Glomeromycota. Additional undescribed taxa, particularly in the recently described family of Polonosporaceae [ 48 ], were also represented. About 75% of the sequences covered the SSU–ITS–LSU rDNA portion.…”

Richness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brazilian Tropical Shallow Lake: Assessing an Unexpected Assembly in the Aquatic-Terrestrial Gradient

“…Molecular inventories indicate the occurrence of several operational taxonomic units that do not belong to known taxa mostly in the coastal sand dunes that harbor new species [15] even in ranking taxa as genus and family [132].…”

Glomus chinense and Dominikia gansuensis, two new Glomeraceae species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from high altitude in the Tibetan Plateau

“…This number is much lower (by ca. 50%) than the number of AM fungal phylotypes estimated based on published DNA sequences (Kivlin et al 2011;Öpik et al 2014), indicating that many undescribed taxa of AM fungi are waiting for discovery (Błaszkowski et al 2021b; Kolaříková et al 2021).…”

“…Third, some AM fungi can be easily overlooked or lost during spore extraction from soils because their spores are small, hyaline, and frequently short-lived (Błaszkowski et al 2015). Forth, there is a growing number of potentially new species that cannot be distinguished from described species based on morphology alone due to the lack of convincing evidence or di culties of detecting them using traditional microscopy (Błaszkowski et al 2013(Błaszkowski et al , 2021b. Finally, the number of experienced mycologists dealing with identi cation of AM fungi is exceptionally low compared to the number of mycologists working on other fungal groups.…”