New technological development for far-infrared bolometer arrays

Agnèse, P.; Buzzi, Christophe; Rey, Patrice; Rodriguez, L.; Tissot, Jean-Luc

doi:10.1117/12.354530

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In close−packed arrays and spider web, the pop−up structures or two−layer bump bonded struc− tures are fabricated. Agnese et al have described a different array architecture which is assembled from two wafers by indium bump bonds [185]. Other types of bolometers are integrated in horn−coupled arrays.…”

Section: Semiconductor Bolometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Rogalski

Сизов

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

322

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Terahertz (THz) technology is one of emerging technologies that will change our life. A lot of attractive applications in security, medicine, biology, astronomy, and non-destructive materials testing have been demonstrated already. However, the realization of THz emitters and receivers is a challenge because the frequencies are too high for conventional electronics and the photon energies are too small for classical optics. As a result, THz radiation is resistant to the techniques commonly employed in these well established neighbouring bands.In the paper, issues associated with the development and exploitation of THz radiation detectors and focal plane arrays are discussed. Historical impressive progress in THz detector sensitivity in a period of more than half century is analyzed. More attention is put on the basic physical phenomena and the recent progress in both direct and heterodyne detectors. After short description of general classification of THz detectors, more details concern Schottky barrier diodes, pair braking detectors, hot electron mixers and field-effect transistor detectors, where links between THz devices and modern technologies such as micromachining are underlined. Also, the operational conditions of THz detectors and their upper performance limits are reviewed. Finally, recent advances in novel nanoelectronic materials and technologies are described. It is expected that applications of nanoscale materials and devices will open the door for further performance improvement in THz detectors.

show abstract

Section: Semiconductor Bolometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Rogalski

Сизов

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

322

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To achieve optimum sensitivity, observations have to be executed such that the signal modulation due to chopping or scanning falls primarily in the frequency band from 1 Hz to 5 Hz, where close to background-limited performance is achieved. Details on the bolometer design have been published in Agnese et al (1999Agnese et al ( , 2003; Simoens et al (2004); Billot et al (2007).…”

Section: Bolometer Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the HerschelSpace Observatory

Poglitsch¹,

Waelkens²,

Geis³

et al. 2010

A&A

2,002

797

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) is one of the three science instruments on ESA's far infrared and submillimetre observatory. It employs two Ge:Ga photoconductor arrays (stressed and unstressed) with 16 × 25 pixels, each, and two filled silicon bolometer arrays with 16 × 32 and 32 × 64 pixels, respectively, to perform integral-field spectroscopy and imaging photometry in the 60−210 μm wavelength regime. In photometry mode, it simultaneously images two bands, 60−85 μm or 85−125 μm and 125−210 μm, over a field of view of ∼1.75 × 3.5 , with close to Nyquist beam sampling in each band. In spectroscopy mode, it images a field of 47 × 47 , resolved into 5 × 5 pixels, with an instantaneous spectral coverage of ∼ 1500 km s −1 and a spectral resolution of ∼175 km s −1 . We summarise the design of the instrument, describe observing modes, calibration, and data analysis methods, and present our current assessment of the in-orbit performance of the instrument based on the performance verification tests. PACS is fully operational, and the achieved performance is close to or better than the pre-launch predictions. Key words. space vehicles: instruments -instrumentation: photometers -instrumentation: spectrographsHerschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.

show abstract

“…The ArTeMiS detectors are filled bolometer arrays using the same technology process as the focal plane arrays developed for the PACS instrument of the Herschel observatory (ref [5]). These arrays are all based on silicon technology development and are optimized for imaging in high photon background conditions.…”

Section: The Detector and Proximity Readout Electronic At 300mkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The readout system for the ArTeMis camera

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During ArTeMiS observations at the APEX telescope (Chajnantor, Chile), 5760 bolometric pixels from 20 arrays at 300mK, corresponding to 3 submillimeter focal planes at 450µm, 350µm and 200µm, have to be read out simultaneously at 40Hz. The read out system, made of electronics and software, is the full chain from the cryostat to the telescope.The readout electronics consists of cryogenic buffers at 4K (NABU), based on CMOS technology, and of warm electronic acquisition systems called BOLERO. The bolometric signal given by each pixel has to be amplified, sampled, converted, time stamped and formatted in data packets by the BOLERO electronics. The time stamping is obtained by the decoding of an IRIG-B signal given by APEX and is key to ensure the synchronization of the data with the telescope. Specifically developed for ArTeMiS, BOLERO is an assembly of analogue and digital FPGA boards connected directly on the top of the cryostat. Two detectors arrays (18*16 pixels), one NABU and one BOLERO interconnected by ribbon cables constitute the unit of the electronic architecture of ArTeMiS. In total, the 20 detectors for the tree focal planes are read by 10 BOLEROs.The software is working on a Linux operating system, it runs on 2 back-end computers (called BEAR) which are small and robust PCs with solid state disks. They gather the 10 BOLEROs data fluxes, and reconstruct the focal planes images. When the telescope scans the sky, the acquisitions are triggered thanks to a specific network protocol. This interface with APEX enables to synchronize the acquisition with the observations on sky: the time stamped data packets are sent during the scans to the APEX software that builds the observation FITS files. A graphical user interface enables the setting of the camera and the real time display of the focal plane images, which is essential in laboratory and commissioning phases. The software is a set of C++, Labview and Python, the qualities of which are respectively used for rapidity, powerful graphic interfacing and scripting. The commands to the camera can be sequenced in Python scripts.The paper describes the whole electronic and software readout chain designed to fulfill the specificities of ArTeMiS and its performances. The specific options used are explained, for example, the limited room in the Cassegrain cabin of APEX has led us to a quite compact design.This system was successfully used in summer 2013 for the commissioning and the first scientific observations with a preliminary set of 4 detectors at 350µm.

show abstract

New technological development for far-infrared bolometer arrays

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the HerschelSpace Observatory

The readout system for the ArTeMis camera

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About