New technologies: nuclear quadrupole resonance as an explosive and narcotic detection technique

Grechishkin, V. S.; Sinyavskii, N. Ya.

doi:10.1070/pu1997v040n04abeh000229

Cited by 58 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A whole range of unresolved technical problems does not permit considering highly sensitive indirect methods like double NQR-NMR resonance [1] and cross-relaxation spectroscopy [2,3] as serious competitors to direct methods for most practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the NQR detection of nitrogenated substances by multi‐pulse sequences

Mikhaltsevitch¹,

Rudakov²

2004

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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PACS 76.60.GvTheoretical and practical aspects of using multi-pulse spin-locking and the "strong off-resonant comb" (SORC) sequence for detecting nitrogenated substances by the nuclear quadrupole resonance method were studied. A number of optimum correlations between the parameters of multi-pulse sequences and the relaxation characteristics of the substances under investigation were determined. The obtained relations were used for the fast detection of α-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Relaxation parameters and temperature coefficients for twelve 14 N lines of the orthorhombic phase of TNT measured at room temperature are also presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the NQR detection of nitrogenated substances by multi‐pulse sequences

Mikhaltsevitch¹,

Rudakov²

2004

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…Even today mine detection depends primarily on humans manually probing the earth. 14 N nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is a molecular compound specific method for remote explosive detection [1,2] which may eliminate the need to perform dangerous manual probing.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The direct NQR detection of 14 N at room temperature has been so far successfully performed [1,2] both in laboratory and field tests for RDX (C 3 H 6 N 6 O 6 ) and HMX (C 4 H 8 N 8 O 8 ) taken from land mines, but not for TNT. The reason for this is that the NQR frequencies in RDX (n 5198 kHz, n À 3415 kHz) and HMX (n 5310 kHz, n À 3740 kHz) are much higher than the ones from the non-equivalent ± ± NO 2 groups in TNT [3] which fall in the range below 1000 kHz.…”

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confidence: 99%

H-14N Double Resonance of TNT from a Land Mine

Blinc

Seliger

Arčon

et al. 2000

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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The 14 N NQR spectrum of one gram of military grade trinitrotoluene (TNT) obtained from an abandoned land mine has been determined by 1 H± 14 N nuclear quadrupole double resonance at room temperature. The magnetic field dependence of the proton spin±lattice relaxation time T 1 as well as the 14 N T 1 of TNT were determined as well. The use of a double frequency irradiation technique allowed for a unique assignment of the twelve observed lines to the n and n À 14 N transitions of the six chemically non-equivalent crystallographic nitrogen sites in the unit cell. Nuclear quadrupole double resonance results in an increase in the 14 N signal to noise ratio by a factor of 30 as compared to conventional NQR and a significant reduction of the measuring time which is important in the detection of explosives.

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“…This field gradient is highly specific to substances. One of the promising applications using nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is non-invasive detection such as illicit drugs [1][2][3][4][5], counterfeit medicines [6,7], explosive substances and landmines [8][9][10][11][12], since the NQR frequency and the spectrum obtained from each substance is unique, and the detection is highly specific and has low susceptibility to false alarms [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Detection of Ammonium Nitrate by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance using a Portable System

et al. 2015

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This paper shows the advances in the development of a portable system for remote detection of ammonium nitrate by nuclear quadrupole resonance. Three different probe coils were constructed and compared in terms of the signal intensity and the noise rejection under different environments, using the developed system. For the gradiometer probe coil, which showed the best performance in terms of noise rejection, the '90°' equivalent pulse was determined for different distances between the sample and the probe, and the remote detection of ammonium nitrate was achieved not only in a shielded room inside the laboratory, but also in the outdoors. The system was capable of detecting 200 g ammonium nitrate at 3 cm apart from the probe within 12 s with a steady-state free precession pulse sequence. The comparable results were obtained with a free induction decay sequence in 25 min for the total acquisition time. The compact size of the system will allow the applications for the substance detection in the outdoors especially for landmines made from ammonium nitrate and fuel oil mixtures instead of military explosives.

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New technologies: nuclear quadrupole resonance as an explosive and narcotic detection technique

Abstract: Possibilities of detecting nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) signals in explosives and drugs are considered. Direct and indirect NQR techniques for searching substances are described and the potentialities of various experimental methods are compared.

Cited by 58 publications

References 28 publications

On the NQR detection of nitrogenated substances by multi‐pulse sequences

On the NQR detection of nitrogenated substances by multi‐pulse sequences

H-14N Double Resonance of TNT from a Land Mine

Remote Detection of Ammonium Nitrate by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance using a Portable System

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