New Tendencies in Wind Energy Operation and Maintenance

Costa, Ángel M.; Orosa, José A.; Vergara, Diego; Fernández‐Arias, Pablo

doi:10.3390/app11041386

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…where h(x) is the average path length to separate input value x, and c(n) is the average path length of an unsuccessful search of a Binary Search Tree, given by Equation (2).…”

Section: Isolation Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Operations and maintenance (O&M) is an important area of wind energy research. This is due to the previously stated O&M costs, which can be between 20% and 25% of total levelised cost of energy (LCOE) for current wind turbine projects [2], whilst LCOE has been dropping from over $100 per MWh for onshore since 2009 to roughly $50 per MWh in 2019 [3]. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has stated that O&M for U.S. offshore wind energy can cost around £62-187/kW/year [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Isolation Forest for Wind Turbine Pitch System Condition Monitoring Using SCADA Data

et al. 2021

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Wind turbine pitch system condition monitoring is an active area of research, and this paper investigates the use of the Isolation Forest Machine Learning model and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system data for this task. This paper examines two case studies, turbines with hydraulic or electric pitch systems, and uses an Isolation Forest to predict failure ahead of time. This novel technique compared several models per turbine, each trained on a different number of months of data. An anomaly proportion for three different time-series window lengths was compared, to observe trends and peaks before failure. The two cases were compared, and it was found that this technique could detect abnormal activity roughly 12 to 18 months before failure for both the hydraulic and electric pitch systems for all unhealthy turbines, and a trend upwards in anomalies could be found in the immediate run up to failure. These peaks in anomalous behaviour could indicate a future failure and this would allow for on-site maintenance to be scheduled. Therefore, this method could improve scheduling planned maintenance activity for pitch systems, regardless of the pitch system employed.

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“…where h(x) is the average path length to separate input value x, and c(n) is the average path length of an unsuccessful search of a Binary Search Tree, given by Equation (2).…”

Section: Isolation Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Isolation Forest for Wind Turbine Pitch System Condition Monitoring Using SCADA Data

et al. 2021

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“…Wind systems are less expensive than PV systems, especially on a large scale. However, wind energy systems require qualified staff for operation and maintenance [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Modeling and Control of Grid-Connected Hybrid Energy Sources Using MPPT Controller

et al. 2021

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Nuclear and renewables energies are the two variants for low-carbon energy and the evolving grid suggests possible synergies between them. Nuclear energy introduces supple operations based on power demand, while renewables such as PV and wind hybrid systems depend on the presence and strength of sunlight or wind. For grid stability, there is need to improve their performance in order to overcome the impact of this disadvantage. The paper is a step in this direction as it addresses a detailed comprehensive dynamic modeling and an efficient control of grid-connected energy sources such as PV or wind system to increase system reliability and to ensure the power quality and safe operation of critical demands. The behavior of the suggested hybrid system is tested at different climate circumstances such as variation of sun radiation and wind speed. The PV is equipped with a boost converter and a three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. The wind energy comprises a doubly fed generator (DFIG) based on a variable-speed wind turbine. The two controllers’ rotor-side and grid-side converters of DFIG have the ability to generate and observe reactive power, to keep constant speed of the rotor and control the DC-link voltage. The proposed scheme was investigated using MATLAB software. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) was used for two systems, PV and wind, in varying weather conditions. The simulation results prove that the voltage at the point of common coupling was constant. Furthermore, the injected current of the grid side was in sinusoidal form and was synchronized with grid side voltage. In addition, the injected power-to-utility grid was around power delivered by the hybrid PV and wind system.

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“…Compared to the land, it is estimated that over the sea surface the wind conditions are stronger due to the lower friction, but on the other hand, the CAPEX (capital expenditure) and OPEX (operational expenditure) costs are considerably higher. The current trend is to develop large wind turbines (close to 10 MW) in deep-water areas that frequently reach hub heights of 100 m, and in order to reduce the construction costs, large projects need to be developed [7][8][9]. Europe is a representative area for the offshore wind industry, with a total installed capacity of 25 GW, of which 2.9 GW (11.60%-365 turbines) were installed during 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Offshore Wind Energy Potential in the Romanian Exclusive Economic Zone

Onea

Rusu

2021

JMSE

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The European offshore wind market is continuously expanding. This means that, together with significant technological developments, new coastal environments should be considered for the implementation of the wind farms, as is the case of the Black Sea, which is targeted in the present work. From this perspective, an overview of the wind energy potential in the Romanian exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the Black Sea is presented in this work. This is made by analyzing a total of 20 years of wind data (corresponding to the time interval 2000–2019) coming from different sources, which include ERA5 reanalysis data and satellite measurements. Furthermore, a direct comparison between these datasets was also carried out. Finally, the results of the present work indicate that the Romanian offshore areas can replicate the success reported by the onshore wind projects, of which we can mention the Fantanele-Cogealac wind farm with an operating capacity of 600 MW.

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New Tendencies in Wind Energy Operation and Maintenance

Cited by 52 publications

References 100 publications

Investigation of Isolation Forest for Wind Turbine Pitch System Condition Monitoring Using SCADA Data

Investigation of Isolation Forest for Wind Turbine Pitch System Condition Monitoring Using SCADA Data

Comprehensive Modeling and Control of Grid-Connected Hybrid Energy Sources Using MPPT Controller

Assessment of the Offshore Wind Energy Potential in the Romanian Exclusive Economic Zone

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