New Therapeutic Strategy for Amino Acid Medicine: Glycine Improves the Quality of Sleep

Bannai, Makoto; Kawai, Nobuhiro

doi:10.1254/jphs.11r04fm

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Глицин (Gly) выполняет в организме целый ряд жизненно важных функций [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Он входит в состав многих белков и биологически активных соединений, из него синтезируются порфириновые кольца гема и пуриновые основания [10].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Он входит в состав многих белков и биологически активных соединений, из него синтезируются порфириновые кольца гема и пуриновые основания [10]. Данная аминокислота незаменима в регуляции нейромедиаторной синаптической трансмиссии в центральной и периферической нервной системе [1,7]. Рецепторы к Gly, локализованные во многих участках головного и спинного мозга, оказывают тормозное воздействие на нейроны, уменьшая выделение возбуждающих аминокислот [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Данная аминокислота незаменима в регуляции нейромедиаторной синаптической трансмиссии в центральной и периферической нервной системе [1,7]. Рецепторы к Gly, локализованные во многих участках головного и спинного мозга, оказывают тормозное воздействие на нейроны, уменьшая выделение возбуждающих аминокислот [1][2][3]. В то же время глицин выступает в роли коагониста рецептора g-аминобутирата (GABA-R) и глутаматного рецептора NMDA-R [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Glycine receptors in nervous tissue and their functional role

Nikandrov

Балашевич

2014

BIOMED KHIM

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The literature data on glycine metabolism in neural tissue, mitochondrial Gly-cleaving system, Gly-catching system in neural and glial cells are summarized. The peculiarities of localization and distribution of specific glycine receptors and binding-sites in nervous tissue of mammals are described. Four types of glycine-binding receptors are described: own specific glycine receptor (Gly-R), ionotropic receptor, which binds N-methyl-D-aspartate selectively (NMDA-R), and ionotropic receptors of g-aminobutyrate (GABA A -R, GABA С -R). The feutures of glycine effects in neuroglial cultures are discussed

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Section: Introductionunclassified

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Glycine receptors in nervous tissue and their functional role

Nikandrov

Балашевич

2014

BIOMED KHIM

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“…The results indicated that ingested glycine passively diffuses across the blood–brain barrier by non-specific transportation. Furthermore, glycine improves sleep in rats by decreasing core body temperature and increasing vasodilatation (Kawai et al, 2009; Bannai and Kawai, 2011). The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is necessary for glycine-induced hypothermia and vasodilatation because ingested glycine primarily acts on the NMDARs in the SCN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanism may result in an improvement in sleep quality. Although glycine has been shown to improve sleep quality in humans and rats (Inagawa et al, 2006a; Yamadera et al, 2007; Kawai et al, 2009; Bannai and Kawai, 2011), the relationship between glycine ingestion and the circadian clock remains unknown. The relationship between the clock gene and sleep are well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Glycine on Subjective Daytime Performance in Partially Sleep-Restricted Healthy Volunteers

Bannai¹,

Kawai²,

Ono³

et al. 2012

Front. Neur.

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Approximately 30% of the general population suffers from insomnia. Given that insomnia causes many problems, amelioration of the symptoms is crucial. Recently, we found that a non-essential amino acid, glycine subjectively and objectively improves sleep quality in humans who have difficulty sleeping. We evaluated the effects of glycine on daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and performances in sleep-restricted healthy subjects. Sleep was restricted to 25% less than the usual sleep time for three consecutive nights. Before bedtime, 3 g of glycine or placebo were ingested, sleepiness, and fatigue were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and a questionnaire, and performance were estimated by personal computer (PC) performance test program on the following day. In subjects given glycine, the VAS data showed a significant reduction in fatigue and a tendency toward reduced sleepiness. These observations were also found via the questionnaire, indicating that glycine improves daytime sleepiness and fatigue induced by acute sleep restriction. PC performance test revealed significant improvement in psychomotor vigilance test. We also measured plasma melatonin and the expression of circadian-modulated genes expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to evaluate the effects of glycine on circadian rhythms. Glycine did not show significant effects on plasma melatonin concentrations during either the dark or light period. Moreover, the expression levels of clock genes such as Bmal1 and Per2 remained unchanged. However, we observed a glycine-induced increase in the neuropeptides arginine vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the light period. Although no alterations in the circadian clock itself were observed, our results indicate that glycine modulated SCN function. Thus, glycine modulates certain neuropeptides in the SCN and this phenomenon may indirectly contribute to improving the occasional sleepiness and fatigue induced by sleep restriction.

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New Functions and Potential Applications of Amino Acids

Uneyama

Kobayashi

Tonouchi

2016

Amino Acid Fermentation

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Currently, several types of amino acids are being produced and used worldwide. Nevertheless, several new functions of amino acids have been recently discovered that could result in other applications. For example, oral stimulation by glutamate triggers the cephalic phase response to prepare for food digestion. Further, the stomach and intestines have specific glutamate-recognizing systems in their epithelial mucosa. Regarding clinical applications, addition of monosodium glutamate to the medicinal diet has been shown to markedly enhance gastric secretion in a vagus-dependent manner. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are the major components of muscles, and ingestion of BCAAs has been found to be effective for decreasing muscle pain. BCAAs are expected to be a solution for the serious issue of aging. Further, ingestion of specific amino acids could be beneficial. Glycine can be ingested for good night's sleep: glycine ingestion before bedtime significantly improved subjective sleep quality. Ingestion of alanine and glutamine effectively accelerates alcohol metabolism, and ingestion of cystine and theanine effectively prevents colds. Finally, amino acids could be used in a novel clinical diagnostic method: the balance of amino acids in the blood could be an indicator of the risk of diseases such as cancer. These newly discovered functions of amino acids are expected to contribute to the resolution of various issues.

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New Therapeutic Strategy for Amino Acid Medicine: Glycine Improves the Quality of Sleep

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Glycine receptors in nervous tissue and their functional role

Glycine receptors in nervous tissue and their functional role

The Effects of Glycine on Subjective Daytime Performance in Partially Sleep-Restricted Healthy Volunteers

New Functions and Potential Applications of Amino Acids

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