New Tools for Assessing Reactive Mineral‐Mediated Abiotic Contaminant Transformation

Horst, John; Divine, Craig; Tilton, Jennifer Martin; Justicia-Leon, Shandra D.; Ulrich, Shannon; Stuetzle, Robert

doi:10.1111/gwmr.12326

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In general, transformation reactions are commonly thought to occur at the mineral surface (not in the aqueous phase) (Butler and Hayes 1998) and reaction rates are influenced by mineral surface area, degree of ordering (crystallinity), pH, and mineral surface oxidation over time (passivation). Further discussion of these and other relevant iron minerals involved in the abiotic transformation of CVOCs can be found in ESTCP (2008); USEPA (2009), Cwiertny and Scherer (2010), He et al (2015), and Horst et al (2019). Some product vendors now offer injectable organic carbon‐based amendments that also include reduced iron and/or sulfur components to concurrently enhance both biotic and abiotic reduction processes.…”

Section: Integrated Biotic‐abiotic Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewing the End from the Beginning: Designing for the Transition to Long‐Term Passive Phases of In Situ Chlorinated Solvent Treatment

Horst¹,

McCaughey²,

Justicia-Leon³

et al. 2022

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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This column reviews the general features of PHT3D Version 2, a reactive multicomponent transport model that couples the geochemical modeling software PHREEQC-2 (Parkhurst and Appelo 1999) with three-dimensional groundwater flow and transport simulators MODFLOW-2000 and MT3DMS (Zheng and Wang 1999). The original version of PHT3D was developed by Henning Prommer and Version 2 by Henning Prommer and Vincent Post (Prommer and Post 2010). More detailed information about PHT3D is available at the website http://www.pht3d.org.The review was conducted separately by two reviewers. This column is presented in two parts.

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Section: Integrated Biotic‐abiotic Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewing the End from the Beginning: Designing for the Transition to Long‐Term Passive Phases of In Situ Chlorinated Solvent Treatment

Horst¹,

McCaughey²,

Justicia-Leon³

et al. 2022

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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“…Increasingly, in situ anaerobic biostimulation groundwater remediation approaches are designed to leverage both biotic and abiotic contaminant transformation processes for chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) (e.g., AFCEE, 2008; Davis & Owen, 2018; He et al, 2015; Horst et al, 2019; Kennedy et al, 2006). Biological CVOC transformation processes are well understood and can be readily evaluated by analysis of geochemical conditions and the creation of transformation products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, abiotic CVOC transformation is much more difficult to confirm, and its significance is not easy to distinguish from other processes that contribute to bulk attenuation rates (e.g., biotransformation, diffusion, sorption). Extensive research over the past two decades has greatly increased our understanding of the processes and controlling factors for CVOC degradation by the reducing power stored in reactive iron minerals and reactive iron mineral intermediates (e.g., Assaf‐Anid & Lin, 2002; Butler & Hayes, 1999, 2000; Cheng et al, 2020; Choi et al, 2009; Culpepper et al, 2018; Devlin et al, 2009; Fan et al, 2017; He et al, 2009, 2015; Horst et al, 2019; Jeong & Hayes, 2007a, 2007b; Lee & Batchelor, 2002a, 2002b; O'Loughlin et al, 2003; Schaefer et al, 2018a; Vikesland et al, 2007; Whiting et al, 2014; Yu et al, 2018). This increased understanding offers the potential to further leverage abiotic transformation processes and increase overall bulk contaminant transformation rates; however, currently most ERD designs do not specifically consider how to maximize complementary abiotic treatment processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory and initial field testing of the Min‐Trap™ for tracking reactive iron sulfide mineral formation during in situ remediation

Ulrich

Tilton

Justicia-Leon

et al. 2021

Remediation Journal

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The Mineral Trap, or Min‐Trap™, is a monitoring well‐based sampler designed to collect direct physical evidence of reactive mineral formation in situ without collecting soil or rock core samples. The Min‐Trap consists of a nonreactive granular medium (e.g., silica sand) within water‐permeable mesh pillows that are supported inside a slotted polyvinyl chloride housing that is incubated within a conventional monitoring well. The primary objective of the Min‐Trap in this application is to collect reactive minerals that are forming in the aquifer in a retrievable format that can be submitted for laboratory analysis. To evaluate the capability of Min‐Traps to capture reactive iron minerals, both a laboratory tank test and a field test were conducted. Both tests confirmed that iron sulfide minerals form in the Min‐Trap under sulfate reducing conditions within several weeks. Analysis of the precipitated minerals via the AMIBA analysis suite showed that they almost entirely consisted of weak acid soluble (biogenic, microcrystalline) ferrous iron‐based minerals, and at least two thirds of the sulfur‐containing minerals were monosulfides (i.e., mackinawite) at the end of each test. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the colocation of iron and sulfur in the mineral masses. The dominance of the ferrous iron and reduced sulfur verifies that little to no oxidation of the captured minerals occurred between sample collection and analysis. A subsurface soil core was collected during the field test next to the Min‐Trap‐containing well. AMIBA results were consistent between the native soil and the Min‐Trap except for much higher strong acid soluble (crystalline) ferric iron in the native soil when compared to the silica sand of the Min‐Trap, as expected. This work shows that Min‐Traps are useful for documenting the formation of reactive iron sulfides (FeSx) that can form during in situ anaerobic biostimulation and can drive complementary abiotic treatment of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Mineralogical data obtained from Min‐Traps can be applied to assess remedial objectives at several stages of the remedial program, including initial characterization, alternatives evaluation, feasibility testing, remedy optimization, and transition from active treatment to passive remedial methods.

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“…In fact we have devoted attention to many in situ nature‐based treatment techniques as part of this regular column series, starting with in situ metals precipitation in 2009 and moving to engineered anaerobic bio‐oxidation, temperature‐activated auto‐decomposition reactions, and enhanced reductive dichlorination (Suthersan et al , , , ). Last year alone we wrote about reactive mineral‐mediated abiotic contaminant transformation, bioreactors for high concentration contaminant mixes, and bioremediation of 1,4‐dioxane (Horst et al , , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature‐Based Remediation: Growing Opportunities in the Harnessing of Natural Systems

Horst¹,

Drane²,

Gattenby³

2020

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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New Tools for Assessing Reactive Mineral‐Mediated Abiotic Contaminant Transformation

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Viewing the End from the Beginning: Designing for the Transition to Long‐Term Passive Phases of In Situ Chlorinated Solvent Treatment

Viewing the End from the Beginning: Designing for the Transition to Long‐Term Passive Phases of In Situ Chlorinated Solvent Treatment

Laboratory and initial field testing of the Min‐Trap™ for tracking reactive iron sulfide mineral formation during in situ remediation

Nature‐Based Remediation: Growing Opportunities in the Harnessing of Natural Systems

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