“…For this problem, a normalization method was used in [7,18]. In the sense that normalization pursues the minimization of genotype inconsistency among parental chromosomes (position-wise mismatches), in [20], Kim and Moon proposed an optimal, efficient normalization method for grouping problems based on a novel distance measure, the labeling-independent distance, that eliminates dependency on the underlying labeling completely. In the following, we show that, in effect, the recombination that includes the normalization procedure followed by standard crossover on discrete vectors, is an instance of quotient geometric crossover.…”