New Training to Meet the Global Phosphorus Challenge

Reitzel, Kasper; Bennett, William W.; Berger, Nils; Brownlie, Will J.; Bruun, Sander; Christensen, Morten Lykkegaard; Cordell, Dana; Dijk, Kimo van; Egemose, Sara; Eigner, Herbert; Glud, Ronnie N.; Grönfors, Outi; Hermann, Ludwig; Houot, Sabine; Hupfer, Michael; Jacobs, Brent; Korving, Leon; Kjærgaard, Charlotte; Liimatainen, Henrikki; Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. van; Macintosh, Katrina A.; Magid, Jakob; Maia, Frederico; Martín-Ortega, Julia; McGrath, John W.; Meulepas, Roel J.W.; Murry, Michael; Neset, Tina-Simone; Neumann, G.; Nielsen, Ulla Gro; Nielsen, P. H.; O’Flaherty, Vincent; Qu, Haiyan; Santner, Jakob; Seufert, Verena; Spears, Bryan M.; Stringer, Lindsay C.; Stutter, Marc; Verburg, Peter H.; Wilfert, Philipp; Metson, Geneviève S.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b03519

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Currently, there is no public institution responsible for governing global P resources. The success of any regulatory framework requires transboundary action that incorporates resource demand and multi-scale planning across existing and emerging directives to establish a global framework (Reitzel et al, 2019). Most sustainability challenges we face, specifically, the P management challenge, require urgent action; however, existing regimes of policy and institutional structures pose barriers and are resistant to change.…”

Section: Tm To a Sustainable P Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

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A transition management framework to stimulate a circular phosphorus system

Peterson

Baker

Aggarwal

et al. 2021

Environ Dev Sustain

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As the global population is projected to increase by two billion people by 2050, so will the demand for phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for all living organisms and a major driver of eutrophication. To sustainably meet these challenges, we apply the conceptual framework of transition management (TM) to demonstrate how the trajectory of the current linear P use system could be strategically shifted toward a more circular P system. We present US case studies to examine P transitions management in intensive agriculture, wastewater disposal, and food waste management. Our goal is twofold. By first understanding past transitions in P management in the USA, we can build upon these insights for future management. This can then be applied to other global regions such as developing countries to bypass stages of transition as they intensify agriculture, incorporate sewers into cities, and expand waste management, to avoid becoming entrenched in unsustainable P management. We suggest how spaces for experimentation and collaboration can be created, how and which actor networks can be mobilized, and what action strategies and policies can be recommended to accelerate their transition to P sustainability. Our case studies show that while substantial improvements have been made, the transition toward a circular economy of P is far from complete. Our findings point to the value of utilizing TM for future progress in the US Development of TM frameworks for managing P in other regions of the world may enable them to achieve sustainable P development faster and more effectively than the USA.

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Section: Tm To a Sustainable P Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…and ( 2) what might a system reconfiguration look like? Two potential landscape pressures that could trigger a major regime shift in P management include interruptions in phosphate rock production and increased occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs; Reitzel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Challenge Identification and Niche Opportunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A transition management framework to stimulate a circular phosphorus system

Peterson

Baker

Aggarwal

et al. 2021

Environ Dev Sustain

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“…The band at 1090 cm −1 is a shoulder band distributed in the frequency range of 1084 to 1099 cm −1 while the band at 1214 is a least intense flat band distributed in the frequency range of 1205 to 1222 cm −1 . In IHP 3M motif case all possible phosphate species, PO 4 (1), HPO 4 (2), H 2 PO 4 (3), are observed in the production trajectory. The IR spectra have bands at 958,996,1023,1050,1065,1096,1108,1141,1164,1193, and 1219 cm −1 .…”

Section: Ihp Ir Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphorus (P) scarcity is becoming one of the major global environmental challenges, which needs attention on par with climate change because of the foreseen P peak scenario [1][2][3]. The P in today's fertilizer is mostly from mined P rocks, and given the current mining rate they are predicted to be exhausted within next 50-100 years [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Interaction between Organic Phosphates and Goethite

2020

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Today’s fertilizers rely heavily on mining phosphorus (P) rocks. These rocks are known to become exhausted in near future, and therefore effective P use is crucial to avoid food shortage. A substantial amount of P from fertilizers gets adsorbed onto soil minerals to become unavailable to plants. Understanding P interaction with these minerals would help efforts that improve P efficiency. To this end, we performed a molecular level analysis of the interaction of common organic P compounds (glycerolphosphate (GP) and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP)) with the abundant soil mineral (goethite) in presence of water. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed for goethite–IHP/GP–water complexes using the multiscale quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method. Results show that GP forms monodentate (M) and bidentate mononuclear (B) motifs with B being more stable than M. IHP interacts through multiple phosphate groups with the 3M motif being most stable. The order of goethite–IHP/GP interaction energies is GP M < GP B < IHP M < IHP 3M. Water is important in these interactions as multiple proton transfers occur and hydrogen bonds are formed between goethite–IHP/GP complexes and water. We also present theoretically calculated infrared spectra which match reasonably well with frequencies reported in literature.

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“…It is generally acknowledged that we should use natural resources more efficiently in order to secure food availability for future populations. The availability of natural resources for food production, such as land, phosphate rock and fossil energy, is limited (IPCC, 2019;Reitzel et al, 2019). At present, however, these resources are inefficiently used in the food system Willett et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards efficient use of resources in food systems : Exploring circular principles and strategies

Kernebeek¹

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Natural resources for food production, such as land, phosphate rock and fossil energy, are scarce. Despite their scarcity, these resources are currently inefficiently used in the food system. The objective of this thesis was to understand the combined effects of technical and consumption strategies, to reduce the use of natural resources in a food system. To this end, we first reviewed 12 life cycle assessments studies that explored various diets. We concluded that the 'daily' or 'yearly' diets instead of meals should be used to compare environmental impacts of diets. We also found that accounting for nutritional quality of the diets hardly affected our comparison of environmental impacts of diets varying in % of animal-source food. We then explored the minimum requirements of land, phosphorus (P) and energy independently to feed a human population with diets varying from 0% protein from animals (PA) (i.e. a vegan diet) to diets containing 80% PA, using an integrated food systems approach. Our material and nutrient flow model was a conceptual representation of a food system that was parameterised with crop and animal production data from the Netherlands. We assumed that there was no import and export of food and feed. While the Dutch food system is not representative of all food systems in the world, sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the principles deduced from our model results also hold for other food systems. Results indicated that land is used most efficiently if people consume ca. 12% of PA, especially from milk. The role of animals in such a land-based diet is to convert co-products from crop production and the human food industry, otherwise not used within the food system, into milk and meat. The optimal %PA in the human diet depends on population size and the relative share of land unsuitable for crop production. Recycling of human excreta showed most potential in reducing P waste, followed by prevention and finally recycling of agricultural waste. Fully recycling P reduces mineral P input by 90%. The optimal amount of animal protein in the diet depended on whether or not P waste from animal products was fully prevented or recycled: if it was fully prevented or recycled, then a small amount of animal protein in the human diet resulted in the most sustainable use of P, but if it was not fully prevented or recycled, then the most sustainable use of P results from a complete absence of animal protein in the human diet. In situations with anaerobic digestion and/or waste prevention, energy input continuously increased with increasing %PA, whereas if none of these strategies were applied, energy input was minimised at about 15% PA. Account must be taken of combined effects of technical and consumption strategies to reduce the use of natural resources in food systems. It requires efforts from all actors to develop a food system that is able to supply the global population with safe and healthy food within environmental limits. Contents Chapter 1 General introduction Chapter 2 The effect of nutritional qual...

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New Training to Meet the Global Phosphorus Challenge

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

A transition management framework to stimulate a circular phosphorus system

A transition management framework to stimulate a circular phosphorus system

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Interaction between Organic Phosphates and Goethite

Towards efficient use of resources in food systems : Exploring circular principles and strategies

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