New transcutaneous sampling of glucose for patients with type II diabetes using an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor

Recent advances in biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs)

“…102 Moreover, an EnFET-based transcutaneous blood glucose monitoring system has been realised and applied to diabetic patients. 129,130 The tested results could demonstrate the feasibility of the developed biosensor system for individual patients with various diabetic histories or diabetic complications. Another EnFET-based sensor system for the determination of creatinine in hemodialysis solutions and in serum of renal failure patients was realised in ref.…”

“…Enzyme system Glucose Glucose oxidase [90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]100,129,130 Glucose oxidase/MnO 2 powder 99 Glucose dehydrogenase 101 Urea Urease 87,95,[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] Penicillin penicillinase [109][110][111][112][113]115 Penicillin G acylase 114…”

The Laboratory-Clinical Interface

“…Evolving technologies are providing clinicians and patients with the opportunities to perform in vivo testing. IV, 45 intra-arterial, 46,47 subcutaneous, 48 -50 and transcutaneous 48,51 techniques are available or under development for measurement of Po 2 , pH, Pco 2 , glucose, lactate, and electrolytes. Noninvasive technologies also are being developed for measurement of analytes in exhaled air and via the lumen of the GI tract.…”

Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring by means of near infrared spectroscopy: investigation of long-term accuracy and stability

“…Several methods have been proposed in this regard, e.g. subcutaneous implantable biosensors (Poitpout et al, 1993;Wilkins et al, 1995;Rigby et al, 1995), microdialysis systems (de Boer et al, 1994;Hashiguchi et al, 1994), analysis of suction effusion fluid (Kayashima et al, 1995;Tamada et al, 1995), reverse iontopheresis (Rao et al, 1993), Mid-IR spectroscopy (Kajiwara et al, 1993;Ward et al, 1992), photo-acoustic spectroscopy (Quan et al, 1993;Spanner et al, 1996) and non-invasive optical polarimetric glucose sensing (Cote et al, 1992). Robinson et al, 1992, Marbach andHeise (Marbach et al, 1993;Marbach, 1993), as well as our group (Jagemann et al, 1995;Müller et al, 1997), demonstrated the potentials of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as a feasible technique for non-invasive blood glucose detection.…”