New Trends in Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) Combating Biofilms in the Food Industry—A Review

Abstract

Biofilms cause problems in the food industry due to their persistence and incompetent hygiene processing technologies. Interest in photodynamic inactivation (PDI) for combating biofilms has increased in recent years. This technique can induce microbial cell death, reduce cell attachment, ruin biofilm biomolecules and eradicate structured biofilms without inducing microbial resistance. This review addresses microbial challenges posed by biofilms in food environments and highlights the advantages of PDI in preventing and eradicating microbial biofilm communities. Current findings of the antibiofilm efficiencies of this technique are summarized. Additionally, emphasis is given to its potential mechanisms and factors capable of influencing biofilm communities, as well as promising hurdle strategies.

Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea on Grape Berries in Chile: Use of Registered Biofungicides and a New Chitosan-Based Fungicide

“…The results obtained herein should be considered preliminary, given that they correspond to biotests carried out in a controlled-conditions environment. The efficiency of PDI can be affected by several variables, including the nature of the microorganisms, characteristics of the photosensitizer (PS), duration of light exposure, and those related to the environment [63]. Therefore, further studies under vineyard conditions should be carried out in the near future.…”

Emerging nanozyme-based multimodal synergistic therapies in combating bacterial infections

“…Later, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were also put forward as safe POD-like mimetics for actual wound disinfection with H 2 O 2 at low dose [81]. Apart from the aforementioned POD-mimetic, some nanomaterials exhibit OXDmimetic activity that can directly activate oxygen to generate ROS like H 2 O 2 , superoxide anions and single oxygen spontaneously which can kill bacteria and eradicate their biofilms [83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91]. By virtue of this ability, many OXD nano-mimetics such as Tb4O7 nanoparticles [88], silica-supported AuNPs [65], Pd nanoparticles [53], Pt/Ag nanoalloys [89] exhibit bactericidal activities in the absence of H2O2.…”

Advancing Photodynamic Antimicrobial Strategy: Sustainable Fabrication of Novel Lauryl Gallate-Chitosan Hydrophobic Films with Rapid Bacterial Capture and Biofilms Elimination Capabilities for Promoting Wound Healing

“…6 In recent years, aPDT has gained more attention due to these characteristics: aPDT exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria in various states (planktonic, biofilm, and spore) and rapidly eliminates microorganisms without the results of microbial resistance. 7 The photosensitizers (PSs), light, and oxygen are three fundamental elements for an aPDT. PSs absorb light and produce their high-energy triplet state (3PSs), which can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with oxygen through two mechanisms (Type I and Type II) based on electron or energy transfer.…”

“…Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an attractive technique capable of eradicating bacteria by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light exposure . In recent years, aPDT has gained more attention due to these characteristics: aPDT exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria in various states (planktonic, biofilm, and spore) and rapidly eliminates microorganisms without the results of microbial resistance . The photosensitizers (PSs), light, and oxygen are three fundamental elements for an aPDT.…”