New type of non-crystalline solids between inorganic and organic materials

Sol–Gel-Derived Silicate Nano-Hybrids for Biomedical Applications

“…Organic-inorganic hybrids are denoted as Ormosils 4) or Ceramers. 5) Inorganic bonds Si-O and Ti-O form the hybrid skeleton, from which other organic or inorganic modifying groups branch off.…”

“…Thus, in stoichiometry, 1 mol of Si(OR) 4 leads to SiO 2 and 4ROH, consuming 2H 2 O. In a conventional sol-gel synthesis, the system consists of silanes, an excess amount of H 2 O, catalyst such as HCl, HNO 3 , CH 3 COOH, or NH 4 OH, and an alcohol as the co-solvent for H 2 O and the silanes.…”

“…In a conventional sol-gel synthesis, the system consists of silanes, an excess amount of H 2 O, catalyst such as HCl, HNO 3 , CH 3 COOH, or NH 4 OH, and an alcohol as the co-solvent for H 2 O and the silanes. Some additives such as surfactants and block co-polymers can be involved when necessary.…”

Indentation and Fracture of Hybrid Sol-Gel Silica Films

“…Therefore they can be considered as nanocomposites at the molecular scale. Schmidt (Schmidt, 1985) and Wilkes (Wen & Wilkes, 1996) have been widely credited with pioneering the research into organic-inorganic hybrids using the sol-gel process. They both showed that an organic polymer can be chemically bonded to an inorganic oxide network to form a new type of polymer.…”

Organoclay‐filled caprolactam‐blocked methylenediphenyl diisocyanate‐toughened epoxy interpenetrating network matrices

“…One approach to prepare these materials is via sol-gel processing, wherein the inorganic components are formed in situ through hydrolysis and condensation of metal oxide precursors, whereas the organic matrix undergoes simultaneous polymerization. However, the sol-gel approach is limited by the evolution of volatile byproducts and concomitant shrinkage when the hybrid is processed at elevated temperatures [4,5]. Alternatively, the incorporation of layered silicates can be used as inorganic components for the construction of nanostructured hybrid polymer composites [6,7].…”