New type pyrotechnically generated aerosol extinguishing agents containing phosphorus

Yan, Yonghong; Han, Zhiyue; Du, Zhiming; Zhao, Lu; Cong, Xiaomin

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.001

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Furthermore, a valve was installed on each of the intake pipe and the discharge powder tube to control the pressure of the driving gas and the discharge of the sample powders. Similar small‐sized fire‐extinguishing chamber had been utilized to measure the fire suppression effectiveness of dry powders, and its availability and accuracy in determining the performance of dry powders had been confirmed in previous investigations . The driving pressures in the fire‐extinguishing experiment were set as 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 MPa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar small-sized fire-extinguishing chamber had been utilized to measure the fire suppression effectiveness of dry powders, and its availability and accuracy in determining the performance of dry powders had been confirmed in previous investigations. 9,11,15,21,22 The driving pressures in the fire-extinguishing experiment were set as 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 MPa. Before the sample powders were added to the powder tank, the blind tests only using N 2 without powder were carried out.…”

Section: Fire-extinguishing Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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Summary To enhance the performance of existing dry powders and ensure process security, a new type of dry powder based on ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) was prepared. The prepared composite superfine dry powder was denoted as NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite in this paper. The effectiveness of commercial ABC dry powder, superfine dry powder, and the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite in fire suppression were compared in a small‐sized fire‐extinguishing chamber. Laboratory‐scale tests showed that the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite had considerably superior fire‐extinguishing efficiency to that of commercial ABC dry powder and superfine dry powder, along with shorter average extinguishing time and less average mass of powders consumed. In addition, the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite also displayed much improved toxic gas suppression ability. The physical and chemical characteristics of commercial ABC dry powder, superfine dry powder, and the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite were characterized using a range of techniques of laser particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Based on the analysis results, the improved fire suppression performance of the NH4H2PO4/zeolite composite can be ascribed to smaller particle size, larger surface area, and a special chemical decomposition process.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fire-extinguishing Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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“…[1][2][3] Hot aerosol fire extinguishing technology introduced and developed since the 1960s, based on pyrotechnic presently emerged as an alternative of the halon substitute technologies because it has nearly zero ODP and GWP. 4,5 This hot aerosol fire extinguishing technology has been widely used in preference to other alternative technologies like dry chemical powder and water-based extinguishing systems. It can be effortlessly installed without piping and occupies minimum space, and there is no requirement for storage in a pressurized vessel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their applications have now been phased out in view of the Vienna convention (1985) and Montreal protocol (1987) on the protection of the ozone layer as they expel toxic bromine and chlorine‐containing halogen gases having high ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) 1‐3 . Hot aerosol fire extinguishing technology introduced and developed since the 1960s, based on pyrotechnic presently emerged as an alternative of the halon substitute technologies because it has nearly zero ODP and GWP 4,5 . This hot aerosol fire extinguishing technology has been widely used in preference to other alternative technologies like dry chemical powder and water‐based extinguishing systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐modified pyrotechnic composite materials for firefighting application

et al. 2022

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“…Against the urgent background of the elimination of halon, hot aerosol fire extinguishing technology has become one of the halon substitute technologies, which was introduced and developed since the 1960s, based on pyrotechnics 3 . Compared with the halon, which has high ozone depletion potential hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents have nearly zero ozone depletion potential and global warming potential values 4,5 . Hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents are made up of submicron aerosol particles produced during combustion of a pyrotechnic composition (PC), which is solid material containing oxidizers, reducers, binders and additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of small scale n‐heptane fire extinguishing efficacy by natural antioxidants based pyrotechnic compositions: An experimental study

et al. 2020

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Summary The conventional pyrotechnic compositions (PCs) for firefighting application mostly consist of potassium nitrate, chlorate or perchlorate as oxidants and organic resin‐like phenol‐formaldehyde, melamine‐formaldehyde, epoxy resin and polyurethanes are used as reducers. Unfortunately, there are also some potential disadvantages to the use of conventional compositions. These are related to high combustion temperature with the generation of heat and flame which may cause secondary fire chances and hazards associated with the use of organic resins. Exposure to phenol, melamine, epoxy resins and polyurethanes are considered as a life‐threatening occupational hazard. Under the present study, new pyrotechnic compositions were prepared with the combination of natural antioxidants like ascorbic acid and gallic acid as reductant and mixture of potassium nitrate with potassium chlorate as oxidant. Fire extinguishing efficacies, calorific value, burn rate, the flame temperature of newly developed compositions was evaluated against potassium nitrate and phenol‐formaldehyde resin‐based conventional composition. Although both the new and conventional composition has shown good fire extinguishing efficacies, extinguishing 4.57 KW of small scale n‐heptane pool fire in 3 to 4 seconds, these newly developed compositions showed 67% to 76% reduction in flame temperature. It was also found that these new compositions exhibit a faster burn rate and lower calorific value than the conventional composition. To understand the fire extinguishing mechanism by the discharged aerosol particulate, its physical and chemical characteristics were assessed by a series of techniques viz; HRXRD, SEM, FTIR, EDX.

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New type pyrotechnically generated aerosol extinguishing agents containing phosphorus

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

Fire suppression performance of a new type of composite superfine dry powder

Bio‐modified pyrotechnic composite materials for firefighting application

Evaluation of small scale n‐heptane fire extinguishing efficacy by natural antioxidants based pyrotechnic compositions: An experimental study

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