“…But for FLDS, they are almost identical particularly at lower levels. The reduced cooling velocity can contribute to the well crystallisation of minerals and serve as an indicator for the improved sinter yield and mechanical strength [8,47]. Sensitivity of parameters to the bed height Figure 15. Comparison between duration time at melting temperature, melt quality index and cooling rate at different dimensionless depth for (a) conventional and (b) FLDS sintering at different bed depth for different bed heights.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…But for FLDS, they are almost identical particularly at lower levels. The reduced cooling velocity can contribute to the well crystallisation of minerals and serve as an indicator for the improved sinter yield and mechanical strength [8,47].…”
FLDS (Fuel Layered Distribution Sintering) is a technology that can effectively reduce fuel consumption with evenly distributed heat pattern in the sintering bed compared to the conventional iron ore sintering. In this paper, a numerical model is established and used to predict the FLDS performance in terms of six different indicators such as FFS (Flame Front Speed), sintering time, maximum temperature, DTMT (Duration Time in Melting Temperature), MQI (Melt Quality Index) and VC (Cooling Velocity). The results show that the FLDS can improve the quality indices of the sinter product and make the process more stable. Moreover, both air velocity and bed height have significant influences on the quality metrics in FLDS operation. Sensitivity analysis shows that the order of sensitivity to air velocity is MQI > VC > FFS > sintering time > DTMT > maximum temperature, while that to the bed height is MQI > DTMT > sintering time > FFS > VC > maximum temperature. The findings are of significance for providing a guideline for FLDS operation.
“…But for FLDS, they are almost identical particularly at lower levels. The reduced cooling velocity can contribute to the well crystallisation of minerals and serve as an indicator for the improved sinter yield and mechanical strength [8,47]. Sensitivity of parameters to the bed height Figure 15. Comparison between duration time at melting temperature, melt quality index and cooling rate at different dimensionless depth for (a) conventional and (b) FLDS sintering at different bed depth for different bed heights.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…But for FLDS, they are almost identical particularly at lower levels. The reduced cooling velocity can contribute to the well crystallisation of minerals and serve as an indicator for the improved sinter yield and mechanical strength [8,47].…”
FLDS (Fuel Layered Distribution Sintering) is a technology that can effectively reduce fuel consumption with evenly distributed heat pattern in the sintering bed compared to the conventional iron ore sintering. In this paper, a numerical model is established and used to predict the FLDS performance in terms of six different indicators such as FFS (Flame Front Speed), sintering time, maximum temperature, DTMT (Duration Time in Melting Temperature), MQI (Melt Quality Index) and VC (Cooling Velocity). The results show that the FLDS can improve the quality indices of the sinter product and make the process more stable. Moreover, both air velocity and bed height have significant influences on the quality metrics in FLDS operation. Sensitivity analysis shows that the order of sensitivity to air velocity is MQI > VC > FFS > sintering time > DTMT > maximum temperature, while that to the bed height is MQI > DTMT > sintering time > FFS > VC > maximum temperature. The findings are of significance for providing a guideline for FLDS operation.
“…Therefore, the primary attempt to decrease the CO 2 emission from the sinter plant is to reduce the ratio of fuel present in the sinter mix. 5,18) However, the aforementioned reduction in the amount of fuel will decrease the energy supplied to the sinter bed, and then affect the sintering temperature profile, which will lead to a decrease in the amount of melt. This melt phase is highly required for bonding of the particles present in the sinter mix, which is directly related to the sinter strength.…”
Section: Effects Of Adding Iron Ores-based Calcium Ferrites To the Si...mentioning
“…The combustion regularity of fuel is between monomer char combustion and char layer combustion, which belongs to heterogeneous reactions (Fernandez et al2017). Fan et al(2021) studied the relationship between ignition and low-carbon sintering and found that prolongation of ignition time can reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emission. Toda et al believed that sintering mixture at high temperature would form melt, which would reduce the diffusion efficiency of oxygen in the material layer, affect the fuel combustion rate, and make it easier to generate CO (Hideo and Kimio1984).…”
The combustion-supporting effect of steam to coke breeze in sintering has the potential to improve sinter quality and reduce pollutants emissions. The results show that increasing the by-product steam injection concentration(0.32-0.47vol%) and prolonging the injection time(5min) within a proper range(10-15min) can improve sinter quality. 2.13kgce/t-sinter of the fuel consumption was decreased by reducing coke breeze usage from 5.60% to 5.45% under the recommended parameters, with 15.16% decrease of CO in sintering waste gas. By comparing experimental data with thermodynamic calculations, although the reaction between CO and steam can reduce CO emission and generate H2, steam tends to react with coke breeze to generate H2 and CO(react at 674℃), and OH radical produced by H2 which can reduce the activation energy of CO oxidation reaction is the key to reducing pollutant emissions. The application of steam injection technology, excluding the equipment modification and steam injection cost of $300,000, can achieve a profit of $737491.2 per year. Therefore, low-carbon and cleaner iron ore sintering production can be realized through applying by-product steam.
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