New Use for Old Drugs: The Protective Effect of Risperidone on Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

(1) Background: The potential of old drugs in novel indications is being greatly valued. We propose a triple-model study involving population-based, cell, and animal studies to investigate the effects of risperidone, a type of second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) drug, on colorectal cancer. (2) Methods: We used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2013 to compare 101,989 patients with colorectal cancer and 101,989 controls. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between SGA exposure and the risk of colorectal cancer. The following bench studies were performed to evaluate the findings of the population-based study. (3) Results: We found that SGAs had been less commonly used in colorectal cancer patients than in controls. The colorectal cancer risk was reduced with an increase in the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) of SGAs. The adjusted odds ratio of antipsychotic use for cDDD days was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.25–0.42). Risperidone exhibited the most prominent tumor inhibition effect in a cell screen study. Bench data revealed that risperidone significantly induced apoptosis and elevated intracellular ROS in human SW480 cells and suppressed the proliferation of the xenografted SW480 tumor in nude mice. (4) Conclusion: This triple-model study demonstrates the association between risperidone usage and a lower risk of colorectal cancer.

Quetiapine Significantly Improves the Effectiveness of Radiotherapy in Combating Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in a Hep3B Xenograft Mouse Model

“…Tumors were inoculated into the right flank of the mice, and treatment commenced when the average tumor size reached 80-100 mm 3 . On day 0, defined as the treatment initiation date, a single radiotherapy (11) session was administered, with adequate whole-body shielding to limit exposure to the tumor region only. Quetiapine, dissolved in 0.1% DMSO, was administered via gavage once daily.…”

“…Progression in a Hep3B Xenograft Mouse Model carcinoma, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. It is important to note that the risk does not decrease for all cancers, as there are indications pointing to an elevated risk for breast cancer (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Preclinical studies have also demonstrated that antipsychotics induce tumor suppression by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting cell cycle progression, downregulating the tumor microenvironment, and disrupting crucial signaling pathways involved in tumor growth, survival, angiogenesis, and metabolism (8,13).…”

Using administrative healthcare data to evaluate drug repurposing opportunities for cancer: the possibility of using beta-blockers to treat breast cancer

“…However, administrative healthcare data are considered as alternative data sources if cancer registry data are unavailable or unfit for research purposes, especially in developing countries ( Valsecchi and Steliarova-Foucher, 2008 ; Abdul-Sater et al, 2021 ). Several previous studies have used administrative data to evaluate drug repurposing opportunities for cancers other than breast cancer ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Ng et al, 2021 ; Park et al, 2021 ). Some of these studies even have enriched administrative healthcare data ( Ng et al, 2021 ), or linkage to external registry to provide or confirm cancer-related clinical information ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Several previous studies have used administrative data to evaluate drug repurposing opportunities for cancers other than breast cancer ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Ng et al, 2021 ; Park et al, 2021 ). Some of these studies even have enriched administrative healthcare data ( Ng et al, 2021 ), or linkage to external registry to provide or confirm cancer-related clinical information ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2020 ).…”

Chlorpromazine Sensitizes Progestin-Resistant Endometrial Cancer Cells to MPA by Upregulating PRB

“…Drug repurposing speeds up the overall development time and minimizes research expenses. Antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine, risperidone and sertraline suppress tumor progress in several malignant disorders (10)(11)(12), which are expected to be a prospective reproposed antitumor drug. Unfortunately, there is no relevant study of such drugs in endometrial cancer.…”