New way to quantify multiple steroidal compounds in wastewater by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Kopperi, Matias; Ruiz‐Jiménez, José; Hukkinen, Janne; Riekkola, Marja‐Liisa

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.059

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The high prediction error for concentrations calculated with the surrogate approach can be reduced by implementing multiple surrogates and their mass spectral similarities in a chemometric model. This approach was employed in a previous study, achieving good prediction accuracy for the concentrations of unknown steroidal compounds (Kopperi et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontargeted evaluation of the fate of steroids during wastewater treatment by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Kopperi

Parshintsev

Ruiz‐Jiménez

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Emerging organic contaminants in wastewater are usually analyzed by targeted approaches, and especially estrogens have been the focus of environmental research due to their high hormonal activity. The selection of specific target compounds means, however, that most of the sample components, including transformation products and potential new contaminants, are neglected. In this study, the fate of steroidal compounds in wastewater treatment processes was evaluated by a nontargeted approach based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The potential of the nontargeted approach to generate comprehensive information about sample constituents was demonstrated with use of statistical tools. Transformation pathways of the tentatively identified compounds with steroidal four-ring structure were proposed. The purification efficiency of the wastewater treatment plants was studied, and the distribution of the compounds of interest in the suspended solids, effluent water, and sludge was measured. The results showed that, owing to strong adsorption of hydrophobic compounds onto the solid matter, the steroids were mostly bound to the suspended solids of the effluent water and the sewage sludge at the end of the treatment process. The most abundant steroid class was androstanes in the aqueous phase and cholestanes in the solid phase. 17β-estradiol was the most abundant estrogen in the aqueous phase, but it was only detected in the influent samples indicating efficient removal during the treatment process. In the sludge samples, however, high concentrations of an oxidation product of 17β-estradiol, estrone, were measured.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontargeted evaluation of the fate of steroids during wastewater treatment by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Kopperi

Parshintsev

Ruiz‐Jiménez

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Both estrogens and progestins are highly potent chemicals that are found in aquatic environments (lakes, rivers, streams) which may result in exposure of the aquatic wildlife to concentrations ranging from one to a few tens of ng/L (Al-Odaini et al, 2010;Heberer, 2002;Kolodziej et al, 2004;Kopperia et al, 2013, reviewed in Tomšíková et al, 2012Vaicunas et al, 2013;Viglino et al, 2008;Vulliet and Cren-Olive, 2011;Vulliet et al, 2008). Considering that progestins and estrogens are potent developmental and reproductive toxicants in a range of vertebrates, and that aquatic wildlife are exposed to them simultaneously, data on their combined toxicity is surprisingly scanty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture effects of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol: Estrogenic biomarkers and hormone receptor mRNA expression during sexual programming

et al. 2015

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“…The latter was the objective of the presented research and therefore a simple internal standard approach was used (a real concentration value is not employed in the text). However, the authors acknowledge that a more complex approach should be applied in future research in order to semi-quantify the identified compounds (give a concentration value), such as the method utilised by Kopperi et al (2013) that was based on the use of surrogates (different standards) and chemometry tools in order to quantify/semi-quantify the identified compounds by GCxGC TOF-MS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-resolved characterisation of organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols collected at Welgegund, South Africa

et al. 2015

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The organic fraction of atmospheric aerosols is 20 to 90 % of which only a small percentage has been chemically characterised. Two-dimensional gas chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GCxGC-TOFMS) is a powerful instrument used to chemically characterise organic compounds. Size-resolved characterisation and semi-quantification of ambient organic aerosol compounds were performed with a GCxGC-TOFMS for the first time in South Africa. Twenty-four-hour samples were collected for 1 year for three different size ranges. A combined total of 1056 different organic compounds could be tentatively characterised. The largest number of organic compounds tentatively identified was PM 2.5-1 (particles in the size range 1-2.5 μm), while this size fraction also had the highest total number of normalised response factors (∑NRF). On average, 52, 26, 6, 13 and 3 % of species tentatively identified were oxygenated species, hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds, Ncontaining compounds and S-containing compounds, respectively. Oxygenated compounds were the most abundant species. Alkane and mono-aromatic species were the largest number of hydrocarbons tentatively identified with the highest ∑NRFs. The largest number of oxygenated species tentatively characterised were carboxylic acids and esters, while ether compounds had the highest ∑NRFs. Most of the halogenated compounds tentatively identified were chlorinated species with the highest ∑NRFs in two size fractions. Iodate species had a significantly higher ∑NRF in the PM 2.5-1 size fraction. The largest number of N-containing J Atmos Chem species tentatively characterised with the highest ∑NRFs were amines. A small number of Scontaining compounds with low ∑NRFs were tentatively identified. The major sources of organic compounds measured at Welgegund were considered to be biomass burning and air masses moving over the anthropogenically impacted source regions.

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New way to quantify multiple steroidal compounds in wastewater by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Nontargeted evaluation of the fate of steroids during wastewater treatment by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Nontargeted evaluation of the fate of steroids during wastewater treatment by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Mixture effects of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol: Estrogenic biomarkers and hormone receptor mRNA expression during sexual programming

Size-resolved characterisation of organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols collected at Welgegund, South Africa

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