New World Origins : A Reappraisal

Chard, Chester S.

doi:10.1017/s0003598x00028982

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, this is only briefly mentioned in theoretical work, e.g., [59,60], in contrast with an overwhelming focus on the downward pathway, e.g., [15,55,59,61]. Even when cases of reverse cultural transmission are reported, they are treated as the exception rather than the rule, e.g., [62][63][64][65]. We contend that there is good reason to relate expert-to-novice transmission to vertical transmission.…”

Section: Relationship Between Model and Learner: Transmission Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context congruence: How associative learning modulates cultural evolution

et al. 2023

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The adoption of cultural variants by learners is affected by multiple factors including the prestige of the model and the value and frequency of different variants. However, little is known about what affects onward cultural transmission, or the choice of variants that models produce to pass on to new learners. This study investigated the effects on this choice of congruence between two contexts: the one in which variants are learned and the one in which they are later transmitted on. We hypothesized that when we are placed in a particular context, we will be more likely to produce (and therefore transmit) variants that we learned in that same (congruent) context. In particular, we tested the effect of a social contextual aspect–the relationship between model and learner. Our participants learned two methods to solve a puzzle, a variant from an “expert” (in an expert-to-novice context) and another one from a “peer” (in a peer-to-peer context). They were then asked to transmit one method onward, either to a “novice” (in a new expert-to-novice context) or to another “peer” (in a new peer-to-peer context). Participants were, overall, more likely to transmit the variant learned from an expert, evidencing an effect of by prestige bias. Crucially, in support of our hypothesis, they were also more likely to transmit the variant they had learned in the congruent context. Parameter estimation computer simulations of the experiment revealed that congruence bias was stronger than prestige bias.

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Section: Relationship Between Model and Learner: Transmission Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context congruence: How associative learning modulates cultural evolution

et al. 2023

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“…INTO WALLACIA, GREATER AUSTRALIA, AND ALONG THE WESTERN FRINGES OF THE PACIFIC The first and simplest point is that the colonization of Australia necessarily implies the use of watercraft. Most hypotheses about the peopling of the Americas start by assuming, explicitly or implicitly, a dryshod crossing or series of crossings of the Bering Straits (Hopkins, 1959;Chard, 1959;Bushnell and McBurney, 1959;Haynes, 1%9;Hopkins, 1973;Martin, 1973;Irving and Harington 1973;Lynch, 1974;Alford, 1974;Mosimann and Martin, 1975). If Australia had already been reached by sea, this is unnecessary.…”

Section: The Earliness Of Watercraft: Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problems, data, and theoretical constructs relating to the spread of human groups beyond the northeast and southeast extremities of the main Old World land mass, into the Americas and the Antipodes can each illuminate the other. The partial views of New World origins, taken in the late fifties by Chard (1959) from a Pacific angle and by Bushnell and McBumey (1959) from a northern continental stance, are both unduly restrictive. We should not approach these New Worlds trammeled in the preconceptions of the Dordogne-based history of prehistory; seeing, despite remote African origins, the really important developments as centered on a Garden of Eden somewhere near the meeting point of the African, European, and Asian continents;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relevance of Old World Archaeology to the First Entry of Man into New Worlds: Colonization Seen from the Antipodes

Hallam

1977

Quat. res.

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Following several discussions in recent numbers of Quaternary Research on the peopling of the Americas, this paper suggests that movements into the New World should be viewed in the wider context of subsistence, technology, and movement around the western littorals of the Pacific, resulting in the colonization not of one but of two new continents by men out of Asia. Specific points which have been raised by these recent papers are reviewed in the light of Australian, Wallacian, and East Asian data.(1) The earliness of watercraft is evidenced by chronology of the human diaspora through Wallacia and Greater Australia.(2) The simplistic nomenclature of chopper-flake traditions masks considerable complexity and technological potential, revealed in detailed Antipodean studies.(3) These traditions also have great potential for adapting to differing ecological zones, evidenced within Greater Australia; and for technological and economic innovation there, through Southeast Asia, and to Japan and the north Asian littoral.(4) The history of discovery and the nature of the evidence from Australia cannot validly be used to controvert early dates in the Americas.(5) Demographic data from Australia suggest that total commitment to a rapid-spread “bowwave” model for the peopling of new continents may be unwise.

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Bever

2001

Journal of World Prehistory

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New World Origins : A Reappraisal

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Context congruence: How associative learning modulates cultural evolution

Context congruence: How associative learning modulates cultural evolution

The Relevance of Old World Archaeology to the First Entry of Man into New Worlds: Colonization Seen from the Antipodes

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