New York inmates' HIV risk behaviors: the implications for prevention policy and programs.

Mahon, Noreen E.

doi:10.2105/ajph.86.9.1211

Cited by 119 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…For example, to prevent HIV/STI transmission, prisoners may use plastic gloves and hand lotion instead of lubricated condoms. 24,76 Similarly, to inject drugs, inmates may share needles or "works" or use dirty equipment if sterilization is unavailable. 24,[76][77][78] Moreover, the probability of infection is also higher, since more persons in prisons than in the community are infected with HIV.…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24,76 Similarly, to inject drugs, inmates may share needles or "works" or use dirty equipment if sterilization is unavailable. 24,[76][77][78] Moreover, the probability of infection is also higher, since more persons in prisons than in the community are infected with HIV. 27 Overall, there were few racial and ethnic differences in patterns of HIV/STI risk behaviors; most involved the initiation and persistence of substance use among non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Longitudinal Study of the Prevalence, Development, and Persistence of HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors in Delinquent Youth: Implications for Health Care in the Community

Romero

Teplin²,

McClelland³

et al. 2007

Pediatrics

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Objective-. To examine the prevalence, development, and persistence of sex and drug behaviors that place delinquent youth at risk for human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STI).Methods-At the baseline interview, HIV/STI drug and sex risk behaviors were assessed in a stratified random sample of 800 juvenile detainees, aged 10 to 18 years. Participants were reinterviewed approximately 3 years later (mean [SD] follow-up, 3.2 [0.3] years; median follow-up, 3.1 years). The final sample in these analyses (n = 724) includes 316 females and 408 males, 393 African Americans, 198 Hispanics, 131 non-Hispanic whites, and 2 participants who self-identified as "other."Results-Nearly three quarters of youth engaged in one or more unprotected sexual risk behaviors at follow-up. Over 60% had engaged in 10 or more risk behaviors at their baseline interview, and nearly two thirds of them persisted in 10 or more risk behaviors at follow-up. Among youth living in the community, many behaviors were more prevalent at follow-up than at baseline. Among incarcerated youth, the opposite pattern prevailed. Development and persistence of HIV/STI risk behaviors differed by gender, race/ethnicity, and age, even after adjusting for incarceration status. Compared with females, males had higher prevalence rates of many HIV/STI risk behaviors and were more likely to persist in some behaviors and develop new ones. Yet, injection risk behaviors were more prevalent among females than males and were also more likely to develop and persist. Compared with persons younger than 18, persons 18 and older had higher prevalence rates of many HIV/STI risk behaviors at follow-up. Overall, there were few racial and ethnic differences in patterns of HIV/STI risk behaviors; most involved the initiation and persistence of substance use among nonHispanic whites and Hispanics.Conclusions-Because detained youth have a median stay of only 2 weeks, HIV/STI risk behaviors in delinquent youth are a community public health problem, not just a problem for the juvenile justice system. Improving the coordination among systems that provide HIV/STI interventions to youth -primary care, education, mental health, and juvenile justice -can reduce the prevalence of risk behaviors and substantially reduce the spread of HIV/STI in young people.Corresponding Author: Linda A. Teplin, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 710 N. Lakeshore Drive, Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611. . psycholegal@northwestern.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptPediatrics. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 January 29. Published in final edited form as:Pediatrics. 10-14Minorities are also overrepresented in the juvenile justice system, where HIV/STI risk behaviors are prevalent. 15-20 Detained youth report more risk behaviors and initiate them at younger ages than do youth in the community.21 Detained youth are likely to be at continued risk for HIV infection as they age. Adults in p...

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Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study of the Prevalence, Development, and Persistence of HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors in Delinquent Youth: Implications for Health Care in the Community

Romero

Teplin²,

McClelland³

et al. 2007

Pediatrics

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“…In these situations, the punk becomes the sexual property of the daddy, who may loan, prostitute, or even sell the punk to others (Brook, 2004;Mahon, 1996;Mariner, 2001;Robertson, 2003). These "protective" relationships constitute a gray area in the literature: Although seemingly consensual, the vulnerable partner enters into the relationship only to avoid sexual exploitation by other inmates.…”

Section: Context Of Prison Rapementioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Estimates of HIV Acquisition Due to Prison Rape

2007

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Nearly 1.4 million men are incarcerated in federal and state prisons in the United States. These men are disproportionately affected by HIV in comparison with the at-large male population. The elevated prevalence of HIV infection in U.S. prisons has raised concerns over the potential for intraprison HIV transmission due to rape and other forms of sexual victimization. However, the number of men who acquire HIV after being raped in U.S. prisons is not known. We developed a mathematical model of HIV transmission to estimate the likelihood that an incarcerated man would become infected as a result of prison rape and to provide preliminary estimates of the number of prison rape victims who acquire HIV. Our results suggest that between 43 and 93 currently incarcerated men already have or will acquire HIV as a result of being raped in prison. Keywords prison rape; HIV; mathematical modelMore than 2 million U.S. adults were incarcerated in federal and state prisons and local jails at the end of 2003 (Harrison & Beck, 2004). Federal and state prisons alone house nearly 1.5 million inmates, the majority (93%) of whom are men (Harrison & Beck, 2004).A disproportionate number of U.S. prison inmates are infected with HIV-the virus that causes AIDS-in comparison with the at-large population. Approximately 1.9% of men and 2.8% of women incarcerated in state and federal prisons are known to have HIV (Maruschak, 2004); the true prevalence of infection is likely to be higher. The elevated prevalence of HIV infection in U.S. prisons has raised concerns over the potential for intraprison HIV transmission due to rape and other forms of sexual victimization (Dumond, 1992;Krebs, 2002;Mair, Frattaroli, & Teret, 2003;Mariner, 2001;Robertson, 2003; Stop Prisoner Rape, 2005).Although estimates of the frequency of prison rape vary widely, prisoner-on-prisoner sexual assaults occur with alarming regularity. A recent meta-analysis of published studies of prison sexual assault indicated that approximately 1.9% of all inmates are raped or otherwise seriously assaulted while in prison (Gaes & Goldberg, 2004). Notably, prison rape incidents often involve multiple perpetrators (Banbury, 2004;Mariner, 2001; Struckman-Johnson, StruckmanJohnson, Rucker, Bumby, & Donaldson, 1996) and sometimes cause serious injury to the victim, including trauma to rectal and vaginal tissue (Dumond & Dumond, 2002), both of which increase HIV risk (Schoub, 1999). Moreover, unlike sexual assault in the general community, a person who is raped in prison may be unable to remove him-or herself from the vicinity of the perpetrator or perpetrators and thus may be raped repeatedly while incarcerated (Banbury, 2004;Dumond, 2003;Mariner, 2001;Struckman-Johnson et al., 1996). Context of Prison RapeMost of the available evidence regarding the experiences of men who are raped in prison is anecdotal, informal, or otherwise drawn from first-person accounts (e.g., Anderson, 2001;Brook, 2004;Chonco, 1989;Mariner, 2001). These accounts suggest that many initial rape attempt...

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“…27 In our study, approximately one-third of the population had been incarcerated at least once during the 6 months before the interview, suggesting the importance of correctional facilities as additional sites for intervention to prevent drug injection and other behaviors that increase the risk for HIV infection. 28,29 We found that HIV transmission continued to occur among IDUs who had received both drug treatment and HIV counseling and testing. A need exists for additional strategies to reduce the risk of HIV transmission among IDUs, whether in treatment or out of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Incidence of HIV among injection drug users entering drug treatment programs in four US cities

Murrill¹

2001

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

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New York inmates' HIV risk behaviors: the implications for prevention policy and programs.

Abstract: In public health, sometimes the farthest distance is the one that is most important to travel. This wisdom is particularly true for efforts to prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Cited by 119 publications

References 10 publications

A Longitudinal Study of the Prevalence, Development, and Persistence of HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors in Delinquent Youth: Implications for Health Care in the Community

A Longitudinal Study of the Prevalence, Development, and Persistence of HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors in Delinquent Youth: Implications for Health Care in the Community

Model-Based Estimates of HIV Acquisition Due to Prison Rape

Incidence of HIV among injection drug users entering drug treatment programs in four US cities

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