New Zealand kiwifruit growers’ vulnerability to climate and other stressors

Cradock-Henry, Nicholas A.

doi:10.1007/s10113-016-1000-9

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…In closing, incentives must move beyond financial framings alone. Most farmers already have experience with adverse climate impacts and have developed strategies for mitigating the short-term effects of day-to-weather [3,7,10]. Those experiences can be capitalised on to reframe adaptation to longer-term changes in climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global climate is already changing in line with modelled projections with implications for linked social-environmental systems and practices [1,2]. Agriculture is one of the most climate-exposed sectors, and agricultural producers are likely to face ever increasing challenges to maintain productivity [3,4]. Warming and drying, increased seasonal variability in rainfall and increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events including drought, storms, forest fires, and rainfall extremes present significant challenges to agricultural production [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What You Sow Is What You Reap? (Dis-)Incentives for Adaptation Intentions in Farming

Buelow

Cradock-Henry

2018

Sustainability

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Adaptation by farmers and other land managers responsible for climate-sensitive activities is central to ensuring resilience in the face of ongoing climate variability and change. However, there remains an adaptation deficit among agricultural producers: action to reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate change is insufficient. To motivate adaptation, diverse incentives are in place most notably through the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy which offers financial incentives to farmers. However, the effect of incentives on behaviour appears to be low. To better understand adaptation intentions, we report on the results of a survey experiment assessing framing effects on German farmers. Four framings of adaptation motifs-financial, norms, risk awareness, and technological innovation-are tested against a socio-cognitive model based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). According to PMT, adaptation intentions are a function of an individual's risk and coping appraisal. Results show that, contrary to assumptions of profit maximizing individuals, economic incentives trigger fewer overall change intentions. Economic rewards do act on risk perception, but are less likely to trigger coping perception, while other treatments do. As coping perception is one of two socio-cognitive reactions to climate change, financial incentive structures fail to act on about half the factors leading to adaptation intentions. These effects dependent on subgroups, farm structures, and are mediated by climate experience. To support transitions towards robust adaptation, adaptation incentives must move beyond financial framings alone, and leverage on farmers' recent experiences with adverse climate impacts, understandings of climate change, and the influence of social norms.Adaptation-a conscious reaction to actual or expected changes-is essential to maintaining the competitiveness and sustainability of agricultural production in the face of climate change [15,16]. However, shifting/changing entrenched behaviours, and promoting changes in land management practices to ensure farmers are prepared for, and adapted to anticipated changes in climatic conditions is difficult. Studies of farmers' perceptions of climate change, for example, show that they recognize changing weather trends, but do not necessarily identify them as part of a long-term trend, let alone equate them with climate change or adapt as a result [17,18]. Climate change effects are quite heterogeneous and involve a high degree of uncertainty, which further complicates planning. Furthermore, the effects of climate change are but one limiting factor in agricultural production and planning and their relevance depends largely on the degree of "cognitive availability" and personal affectedness by climate change events and effects [19]. Consequently, many farmers' adaptation is limited, as has been shown in recent evaluations of U.S. farming behaviour in the context of projected and current substantial losses and decreased productivity in the sector [17,20].Psychologica...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What You Sow Is What You Reap? (Dis-)Incentives for Adaptation Intentions in Farming

Buelow

Cradock-Henry

2018

Sustainability

Self Cite

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“…eroding soils, water pollution), biosecurity incursions, changing social and market demands (e.g. the demand for sustainable products) (Kenny 2011, Cradock-Henry 2017. Some of these act as persistent pressure on enterprises, while others act as short, sharp shocks.…”

Section: Climate Change and Primary Industries In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To gain insight into the impacts of climate change for agriculture and inform adaptation planning, a considerable body of research has been developed in recent years (Crane et al 2017, Panda 2018, Vermeulen et al 2018, Wiréhn 2018. Studies range from biophysical models to predict changing outcomes for production and yield, to in-depth, bottom-up qualitative explorations of stakeholders' perceptions of climate risks, capacities for adaptation, and more recently, integrated assessments which seek to combine scenarios of future change, with stakeholders' experience and insights (Challinor et al 2014, Herrero et al 2014, Cradock-Henry 2017, Ausseil et al 2019. With adaptation knowledge being generated in different contexts, case studies and small comparative studies are providing valuable first steps in building a deep contextual understanding of climate change adaptation (Adler et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a heuristic for assessing adaptation knowledge: impacts, implications, decisions and actions

Cradock-Henry

Buelow

Flood

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Climate change poses a significant challenge to primary industries and adaptation will be required to reduce detrimental impacts and realise opportunities. Despite the breadth of information to support adaptation planning however, knowledge is fragmented, obscuring information needs, hampering strategic planning and constraining decision-making capacities. In this letter, we present and apply the Adaptation Knowledge Cycle (AKC), a heuristic for rapidly evaluating and systematising adaptation research by analytical foci: Impacts, Implications, Decisions or Actions. We demonstrate its application through an assessment of ten years' climate change adaptation research for New Zealand's primary industries. The letter draws on the results of systematic review, empirical analysis, workshops, interviews, narrative analyses and pathways planning to synthesise information and identify knowledge gaps. Results show the heuristic's simplicity is valuable for cross-and transdisciplinary communication on adaptation in New Zealand's primary industries. Results also provide insight into what we know and need to know with respect to undertaking adaptation planning. With the development of tools and processes to inform decision making under conditions of uncertaintysuch as adaptation pathways-it is increasingly important to efficiently and accurately determine knowledge needs. The combination of systematic data collection techniques, and heuristics such as the AKC may provide researchers and stakeholders with an efficient, robust tool to review and synthesise existing knowledge, and identify emerging research priorities. Results can in turn support the design of targeted research and inform adaptation strategies for policy and practice.

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“…The goal of a 'resilient New Zealand' has been the basis of government policy for almost two decades, beginning with the 2002 Civil Defence and Emergency Management Act. However recent disasters have highlighted the continued vulnerability of productive assets, economic activities, communities and wellbeing [24][25][26][27]. Earthquakes and other hazards have direct impacts in terms of lives lost and livelihoods, as well as flow on effects for primary production and productivity, tourism, and capital investment [11,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformations for Resilient Rural Futures: The Case of Kaikōura, Aotearoa-New Zealand

2018

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On 14 November 2016, a magnitude (M w ) 7.8 earthquake struck the small coastal settlement of Kaikōura, Aotearoa-New Zealand. With an economy based on tourism, agriculture, and fishing, Kaikōura was immediately faced with significant logistical, economic, and social challenges caused by damage to critical infrastructure and lifelines, essential to its main industries. Massive landslips cut off road and rail access, stranding hundreds of tourists, and halting the collection, processing and distribution of agricultural products. At the coast, the seabed rose two metres, limiting harbour-access to high tide, with implications for whale watching tours and commercial fisheries. Throughout the region there was significant damage to homes, businesses, and farmland, leaving owners and residents facing an uncertain future. This paper uses qualitative case study analysis to explore post-quake transformations in a rural context. The aim is to gain insight into the distinctive dynamics of disaster response mechanisms, focusing on two initiatives that have emerged in direct response to the disaster. The first examines the ways in which agriculture, food harvesting, production and distribution are being reimagined with the potential to enhance regional food security. The second examines the rescaling of power in decision-making processes following the disaster, specifically examining the ways in which rural actors are leveraging networks to meet their needs and the consequences of that repositioning on rural (and national) governance arrangements. In these and other ways, the local economy is being revitalised, and regional resilience enhanced through diversification, capitalising not on the disaster but the region's natural, social, and cultural capital. Drawing on insights and experience of local stakeholders, policy-and decision-makers, and community representatives we highlight the diverse ways in which these endeavours are an attempt to create something new, revealing also the barriers which needed to be overcome to reshape local livelihoods. Results reveal that the process of transformation as part of rural recovery must be grounded in the lived reality of local residents and their understanding of place, incorporating and building on regional social, environmental, and economic characteristics. In this, the need to respond rapidly to realise opportunities must be balanced with the community-centric approach, with greater recognition given to the contested nature of the decisions to be made. Insights from the case examples can inform preparedness and recovery planning elsewhere, and provide a rich, real-time example of the ways in which disasters can create opportunities for reimagining resilient futures.

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New Zealand kiwifruit growers’ vulnerability to climate and other stressors

Cited by 36 publications

References 104 publications

What You Sow Is What You Reap? (Dis-)Incentives for Adaptation Intentions in Farming

What You Sow Is What You Reap? (Dis-)Incentives for Adaptation Intentions in Farming

Towards a heuristic for assessing adaptation knowledge: impacts, implications, decisions and actions

Transformations for Resilient Rural Futures: The Case of Kaikōura, Aotearoa-New Zealand

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