New Zealand Quaternary stratigraphy: An overview

Pillans, Brad

doi:10.1016/0277-3791(91)90004-e

Cited by 79 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The incomplete succession across the Nukumaruan/Castlecliffian Stage boundary was commented on by Pillans (1991), who recommended repositioning the boundary near the top of the Upper Maxwell Formation, an interval of marginal marine to non-marine facies that contains numerous rhyolitic tephras that could be used in any formal redefinition. New biostratigraphic (Beu 2001) and tephrostratigraphic (Alloway et al 2004;Pillans et al 2005 this issue) data indicate that one of the tephras in this interval, the Ototoka tephra, is a basinwide marker separating the last appearance of Nukumaruan taxa from the first appearance of Castlecliffian taxa.…”

Section: The Nukumaruan Stratotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence stratigraphy of the Nukumaruan Stratotype (Pliocene‐Pleistocene, c. 2.08–1.63 Ma), Wanganui Basin, New Zealand

Abbott

Naish

Carter

et al. 2005

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene (c. 2.08-1.63 Ma) strata exposed in coastal cliffs along Nukumaru and Ototoka beaches near Wanganui, between the top of the Nukumaru Limestone and the base of the Butlers Shell Conglomerate, comprise 11 depositional sequences of a total thickness of c. 86 m. The sequences consist predominantly of silicilclastic shoreline facies. Non-marine facies (including palaeosols), and a variety of shallow-marine shellbed facies, are also represented. Patterns in facies composition and sequence architecture reveal three sequence motifs (Maxwell, Nukumaru, and Birdgrove) that represent progressively increasing maximum palaeowater depths within a broadly basin-margin palaeogeographic setting. The sequence motif changes systematically up section and records a lower order tectonic influence on accommodation that has modulated the stacking patterns of individual sequences. Correlation of the sequences with oxygen isotope stages 77-57 is achieved using the basin-wide Ototoka tephra, and indicates that the sequences accumulated in response to obliquity driven (41 k.y. duration) glacio-eustatic sea-level oscillations. Correlation of the Nukumaru coast sequences with other sections along basin strike, and the global oxygen isotope record indicates that (i) 500 k.y. (δ 18 O stages MIS 56-34) is missing at the unconformity between the Nukumaruan and overlying Castlecliffian stratotypes on the Wanganui coast, and (ii) the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary lies within sequence NC7 at the base of the Lower Maxwell Formation.

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Section: The Nukumaruan Stratotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence stratigraphy of the Nukumaruan Stratotype (Pliocene‐Pleistocene, c. 2.08–1.63 Ma), Wanganui Basin, New Zealand

Abbott

Naish

Carter

et al. 2005

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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“…The Haywards Hill locality is overlain by the same formation, which is here red-weathered and believed by Te Punga (1983) to have been deposited in the latest Putikian, now early Haweran (Beuetal. 1987;Pillans 1991).…”

Section: Age and Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of Wellington, New Zealand, during the last 80 ka, based on palynology of drillholes

Mildenhall

1994

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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About 20 pollen profiles from the Wellington area are correlated and zoned according to their pollen characteristics. Sequences from many of the larger sedimentary deposits are shown to contain little or no sediment of late Last Glacial and early Postglacial age, while late Postglacial sedimentation is restricted to a few localities. Sediments of middle and early Last Glacial age are well represented and widespread over the Wellington area. Pollen diagrams from Last Glacial and Postglacial sediments are zoned as follows: Zone A, 80 000-60 000 yr B.P. (lower end of range more likely) and provisionally correlated with oxygen isotope stages 5a and basal 4; Zone B, 70 000-50 000 yr B.P. (lower end of range more likely), provisionally correlated with upper oxygen isotope stages 4 and basal stage 3; Zone C, a short zone just beyond the range of radiocarbon dating at the top of Zone B of 60 000-50 000 yr B.P., correlated with the middle of oxygen isotope stage 3; Zone D, 50 000-10 000 yr B.P., with a major period of nondeposition or erosion between c. 18 000 and 10 000 yr B.P., correlated with the upper part of oxygen isotope stages 3 and all of 2; Zone E, 10 000-1000 yr B.P. (Postglacial); Zone F, last 1000 years (human occupation zone). During this time the vegetation changed from a beech forest (Zone Al) to a shrub/grassland, with pollen from the dominant tree taxa being Nothofagus fusca type (Zone A2), N. menziesii with Phyllocladus (Zones B, C), Phyllocladus with N. menziesii (Zone D), Dacrydium cupressinum (Zone E), and Nothofagus fusca with D. cupressinum (Zone F).Climatic conditions during the Last Glaciation were generally colder, drier, and stormier relative to the present day. The virtual absence of sediment of this age suggests widespread nondeposition or erosion under unstable conditions. Zones B-D represent the harshest conditions, with temperatures averaging up to 5°C less than the present day. Basal Postglacial conditions were the reverse, with higher rainfall and temperatures averaging up to 2°C higher than the present day. From sometime before 5000 yr ago, conditions deteriorated towards the present day with increased frostiness and droughts.Tephras were deposited in the Wellington area during previous glacial episodes. The Rangitawa Tephra was deposited during the mid middle Pleistocene (early Haweran) C94007Received 21 February 1994; accepted 26 July 1994 at a time when the region was covered in a low subalpine scrubland and climatic conditions were similar to that of the Last Glaciation. During the early middle Pleistocene (Okehuan) an unnamed tephra was deposited during a period of similarly cold, dry conditions and onto a similar vegetation.

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“…), and the two latter were both formed during the Kaihinu Interglacial (about 130-80 kyr B.P.) (Suggate 1973(Suggate , 1985Pillans 1991).…”

Section: B96028 Received 24 May 1996; Accepted 27 September 1996mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Awatuna surface is absent at Schulz Creek but present, about 10 m lower than the Rutherglen surface, 1.2 km to the south. The fossil bed probably is more than 100 kyr old (Pillans 1991); uplift of the Rutherglen shoreline probably began soon after the fossil bed formed.…”

Section: Age Of the Plant Fossil Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interglacial macrofossil flora from Schulz Creek, north Westland, New Zealand

Burrows

1997

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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On a raised shoreline assumed to be of early Kaihinu Interglacial age (more than 100 kyr ago), in north Westland, well-preserved plant fossils are exposed in sediments in a road-cutting. They were probably deposited in a small freshwater lagoon behind a beach ridge, on a prograded shore. The fossils are robust (wood, coriaceous leaves, tough fruit, or seeds); almost certainly they represent only a proportion of the flora in Schulz Creek catchment at the time. The species composition (including Dacrydium cupressinum, Podocarpus hallii, Prumnopitys ferruginea, small conifers, Nothofagus spp., Metrosideros robusta, Elaeocarpus dentatus)suggests that the climate when the deposit was laid down was probably as mild as it is now. Most of the plant species of the fossil flora occur today in Schulz Creek catchment and the remainder live nearby.

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New Zealand Quaternary stratigraphy: An overview

Cited by 79 publications

References 81 publications

Sequence stratigraphy of the Nukumaruan Stratotype (Pliocene‐Pleistocene, c. 2.08–1.63 Ma), Wanganui Basin, New Zealand

Sequence stratigraphy of the Nukumaruan Stratotype (Pliocene‐Pleistocene, c. 2.08–1.63 Ma), Wanganui Basin, New Zealand

Palynostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of Wellington, New Zealand, during the last 80 ka, based on palynology of drillholes

An interglacial macrofossil flora from Schulz Creek, north Westland, New Zealand

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