Newborn adipokines and early childhood growth

Yeung, Edwina; Sundaram, Rajeshwari; Xie, Yan; Lawrence, David A.

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12283

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A study of Mexican‐American children reported no differences in adiponectin levels between boys and girls from birth to age 9 . In non‐stratified analyses, cord blood adiponectin has been positively associated with the SSF/TSF ratio at age 3 in Project Viva, with body composition at age 3 in twins and with fat mass at 2 weeks but not 3 months in offspring of African American women . In addition, authors of a study in Oklahoma reported that cord blood levels of high molecular weight adiponectin were positively associated with three measures of adiposity (SSF, body weight and percent fat) in male and female infants at 1 month of age .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recent studies have explored associations between cord blood adipokines and child adiposity, but findings are largely conflicting and have primarily evaluated associations in the overall study population rather than among boys and girls separately. Though cord blood leptin has been inversely associated with adiposity [16][17][18][19] and accelerated weight gain during childhood, [19][20][21][22] null 18,21 and positive 23,24 associations between leptin and child growth have also been reported. Similarly, there is lack of consensus regarding the role of adiponectin in early childhood growth or adiposity with null, 19,25,26 inverse, 26 and positive 19,25,26 associations being reported depending on the age of child, specific anthropometric measure and choice of confounders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An examination of sex differences in associations between cord blood adipokines and childhood adiposity

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Though the physiological roles of adipokines in metabolism, insulin resistance and satiety are clear, literature regarding associations between cord blood adipokine levels and childhood adiposity is equivocal. Objectives To determine whether cord blood levels of leptin and adiponectin are associated with adiposity in children 2 to 5 years of age, and whether such associations are modified by sex. Methods Leptin and adiponectin levels were measured in cord blood and anthropometric measures were completed on 550 children enrolled in the Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Child Development Plus study (MIREC‐CD Plus). We used multivariable linear and Poisson regression models to determine associations between cord blood adipokine levels and child body mass index (BMI), triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness and risk of overweight/obesity and to assess effect modification by child sex. Results Cord blood adiponectin was significantly associated with modest increases in BMI and the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold z‐scores in boys but not girls. A doubling of adiponectin levels was associated with a 30% increased risk of overweight/obesity in boys (RR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.64). Leptin was not associated with anthropometric measures in either sex. Conclusions The observed associations between adiponectin and adiposity in boys were statistically significant, of moderate magnitude, and underscore the value of considering sex‐specific patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of sex differences in associations between cord blood adipokines and childhood adiposity

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, our association between LEP DNAm and maternal hyperglycemia as a marker of childhood fat distribution seemed to be independent of neonatal leptinemia. Interestingly, it was previously reported that neonatal leptin levels might be associated with growth trajectories and childhood BMI [48,49], but other studies showed that both lower and higher leptin levels are associated with weight gain [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Nevertheless, although the association between neonatal leptinemia and childhood growth and adiposity (e.g., weight gain, BMI, and/or obesity) has been previously reported [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58], the impacts of altered neonatal leptin levels on fat distribution during childhood still need to be clearly defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediation Analysis Supports a Causal Relationship between Maternal Hyperglycemia and Placental DNA Methylation Variations at the Leptin Gene Locus and Cord Blood Leptin Levels

Gagné-Ouellet

Breton

Thibeault

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Changes in fetal DNA methylation (DNAm) of the leptin (LEP) gene have been associated with exposure to maternal hyperglycemia, but their links with childhood obesity risk are still unclear. We investigated the association between maternal hyperglycemia, placental LEP DNAm (25 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′ (CpG) sites), neonatal leptinemia, and adiposity (i.e., BMI and skinfold thickness (ST) (subscapular (SS) + triceps (TR) skinfold measures, and the ratio of SS:TR) at 3-years-old, in 259 mother–child dyads, from Gen3G birth cohort. We conducted multivariate linear analyses adjusted for gestational age at birth, sex of the child, age at follow-up, and cellular heterogeneity. We assessed the causal role of DNAm in the association between maternal glycemia and childhood outcomes, using mediation analysis. We found three CpGs associated with neonatal leptinemia (p ≤ 0.002). Of these, cg05136031 and cg15758240 were also associated with BMI (β = −2.69, p = 0.05) and fat distribution (β = −0.581, p = 0.05) at 3-years-old, respectively. Maternal glycemia was associated with DNAm at cg15758240 (β = −0.01, p = 0.04) and neonatal leptinemia (β = 0.19, p = 0.004). DNAm levels at cg15758240 mediates 0.8% of the association between maternal glycemia and neonatal leptinemia (p < 0.001). Our results support that DNAm regulation of the leptin pathway in response to maternal glycemia might be involved in programming adiposity in childhood.

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“…Studies have reported that adipokines are essential hormones in regulating energy, appetite, and weight in the short and long term (43). Ghrelin (the first known controlling appetite hormone) is an adipokine discovered in 1999; its' mechanism remains undiscovered (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Breast Milk Ghrelin and Infants’ Serum Ghrelin and Growth in Breastfeeding Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: There is positive correlation between infant serum ghrelin and the growth of infants in breastfed infants. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate of the relationship between breast milk ghrelin and serum ghrelin and growth in breast-milk-fed infants by systematic review and meta-analysis approaches. Methods: Electronic resources used in the current search were Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PubMed, and EMBASE. The English language full-text articles and abstracts published from 1999 to July 2019 were collected. Only the articles that explored infants under two years of age and receiving breast milk exclusively were reviewed. Papers related to healthy mothers and infants were entered in this study. The results of 6 papers regarding the effect of serum ghrelin on the growth of infants, i.e., evaluated by meta-analysis using Stata software. The data addressing the effect of breast milk ghrelin on growth were reported by a systematic review manner; three articles were found in this area. We used Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (prisma) checklist for performing this study. Results: In this study, the association of infants' serum ghrelin with infants' growth was evaluated by meta-analysis. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) value was ≥7scores for the 6 explored meta-analysis articles. The present meta-analysis research suggested a positive and significant correlation between infant serum ghrelin and the growth of infants (r=0.163). Conclusions: The random-effect model data demonstrated a positive and significant correlation between infant serum ghrelin and the growth of infants. However, in the study of the effect of breast milk ghrelin on infants' growth, the number of articles was limited and contradictory results were reported. Accordingly, no general conclusion was reached.

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Newborn adipokines and early childhood growth

Abstract: Levels of adipokines were associated with early childhood growth in small magnitudes. Resistin may be relevant for further examination in paediatric obesity.

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

An examination of sex differences in associations between cord blood adipokines and childhood adiposity

An examination of sex differences in associations between cord blood adipokines and childhood adiposity

Mediation Analysis Supports a Causal Relationship between Maternal Hyperglycemia and Placental DNA Methylation Variations at the Leptin Gene Locus and Cord Blood Leptin Levels

Relationship Between Breast Milk Ghrelin and Infants’ Serum Ghrelin and Growth in Breastfeeding Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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