Newborn calf welfare: A review focusing on mortality rates

Uetake, Katsuji

doi:10.1111/asj.12019

Cited by 117 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, neonatal mortality in newborn lambs, calves and piglets is caused by factors such as hypothermia from cold and wet conditions, maternal malnutrition and mis-mothering, injury and infection especially from diarrhoea and respiratory diseases and gives rise to large economic losses to farmers as well as serious welfare insults to the newborn (Mellor and Stafford 2004;Windeyer et al 2014). Taking steps to reduce this mortality could therefore improve both welfare and production (Uetake 2013). Even in species such as chickens where the economic impact of the death of one individual animal are small, the very large numbers of animals involved (a broiler farm with 10 houses could be rearing over 3 million birds per year) make the reduction of mortality a key part of improved efficiency.…”

Section: Financial Benefits Of Animal Welfare (I) Reduced Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal welfare and efficient farming: is conflict inevitable?

Dawkins¹

2017

Anim. Prod. Sci.

184

111

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Abstract. The potential conflicts between animal welfare and efficient farming can often be resolved or at least reduced by showing the financial benefits that improving animal welfare can bring to both society and individual farmers. These benefits include increased profits through: (i) reduced mortality; (ii) improved health; (iii) improved product quality; (iv) improved disease resistance and reduced medication; (v) lower risk of zoonoses and foodborne diseases; (vi) farmer job satisfaction and contributions to Corporate Social Responsibility; and (vii) the ability to command higher prices from consumers. Current conflicts between animal welfare and production may be resolved by future developments in genetics, management practices and new technology. Financial benefits reinforce, rather than replace, ethical arguments for good animal welfare.

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Section: Financial Benefits Of Animal Welfare (I) Reduced Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal welfare and efficient farming: is conflict inevitable?

Dawkins¹

2017

Anim. Prod. Sci.

184

111

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“…Therefore, morbidity and mortality rates in the perinatal period (period from day 270 of pregnancy to 24 hours of life) are the highest of all life stages of an animal [1,2]. Morbidity and mortality remain high during the neonatal period (from day 2 to day 28 of life) and then decline as calves develop and gain in body weight [3]. metabolic pathways during the transitional period from intra-uterine to extra-uterine life [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine And Metabolic Adaptations Of Calves To Extra-Uterine Life

Kirovski

2015

Acta Veterinaria

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The transition from intra-to extra-uterine life is one of the greatest physiological challenges that occur in the life of animals. Immediately after birth, newborn calves have to adapt to new environmental and feeding conditions. Namely, at birth a break of the thermal balance occurs, since calves abruptly pass from a 38.8°C temperature in utero to an environmental temperature that is generally lower than 20°C. Additionally, at birth, the energy intake shifts from a continuous parenteral supply of nutrients (mainly glucose) to discontinuous colostrum and milk intake with lactose and fat as the main energy sources. Therefore, the most important issues related to metabolic changes during the transition from intra-to extra-uterine life are related to maintaining the homoeothermic conditions and control of energy metabolism. Those metabolic adaptations are under control of the endocrine system that is relatively mature at birth, but still requires morphological and functional changes after birth. Key hormones whose concentrations are signifi cantly changed around birth and are involved in an adequate adaptation of calves to extra-uterine life are those related to stress at birth (cortisol and cathecholamines), glucoregulatory processes (insulin and glucagon), thermogenesis (thyroid hormones) and growth (IGF axis).

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“…Calves with APT immunity have lower mortality and morbidity and fewer antibiotic treatments compared with animals with failure of passive transfer (Uetake et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication: Immunoglobulin variation in quarter-milked colostrum

Baumrucker

Stark

Wellnitz

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Whereas whole first-milked colostrum IgG 1 variation is documented, the IgG 1 difference between the quarter mammary glands of dairy animals is unknown. First colostrum was quarter-collected from healthy udders of 8 multiparous dairy cows, all within 3 h of parturition. Weight of colostrum produced by individual quarters was determined and a sample of each was frozen for subsequent analysis. Immunoglobulin G 1 concentration (mg/mL) was measured by ELISA and total mass (g) was calculated. Standard addition method was used to overcome colostrum matrix effects and validate the standard ELISA measures. Analysis of the data showed that cow and quarter (cow) were significantly different in both concentration and total mass per quarter. Analysis of the mean IgG 1 concentration of the front and rear quarters showed that this was not different, but the large variation in individual quarters confounds the analysis. This quarter difference finding indicates that each mammary gland develops a different capacity to accumulate precolostrum IgG 1 , whereas the circulating hormone concentrations that induce colostrogenesis reach the 4 glands similarly. This finding also shows that the variation in quarter colostrum production is a contributor to the vast variation in first milking colostrum IgG 1 content. Finally, the data suggests other factors, such as locally acting autocrine or paracrine, epigenetic, or stochasticity, in gene regulation mechanisms may impinge on colostrogenesis capacity.

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Newborn calf welfare: A review focusing on mortality rates

Cited by 117 publications

References 31 publications

Animal welfare and efficient farming: is conflict inevitable?

Animal welfare and efficient farming: is conflict inevitable?

Endocrine And Metabolic Adaptations Of Calves To Extra-Uterine Life

Short communication: Immunoglobulin variation in quarter-milked colostrum

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