Newborn screening of congenital cytomegalovirus infection using saliva can be influenced by breast feeding: Table 1

Koyano, Shin; Inoue, Naoki; Nagamori, Tsunehisa; Moriuchi, Hiroyuki; Azuma, Hiroshi

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302230

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The type of CMV test varied and is indicated in Fig 1. Saliva samples for CMV screening were taken at least 60 minutes after breastfeeding. 24 Seven (8.8%) of the 80 infants tested after 21 days were CMV positive, and 3 (42.9%) of those had confirmed hearing loss. Table 1 provides descriptive information on the mothers and their infants born both before and after the legislation who never passed a NBHS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Outcomes From a Hearing-Targeted Cytomegalovirus Screening Program

Diener¹,

Zick²,

McVicar

et al. 2017

Pediatrics

106

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We estimate whether a land reform program led to higher incomes for ethnic minority households. In 2002, in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, Program 132 directed the transfer of farm land to ethnic minority households that had less than one hectare of land. Using the 2002 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey as a baseline, in 2008 we resurveyed over one-thousand households to provide a retrospective evaluation of the impact of their participation in Program 132. Contrary to official reports, our findings show that there was considerable deviation from the planned program parameters: many eligible households did not receive land, while ineligible households often did. We estimate that beneficiaries of the program in the province of Kon Tum experienced increases of household income largely in line with what one would expect from a small plot of poor farm land. Outside Kon Tum, where participation rates were substantially lower, the story is more mixed, and household incomes did not improve with program participation. Overall, our results underscore the limitations of simple transfers of land as a mechanism for improving the living standards of ethnic minorities. Our results also show the significant gap that can exist between program design and decentralized implementation. We discuss the potential implications for program evaluation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Outcomes From a Hearing-Targeted Cytomegalovirus Screening Program

Diener¹,

Zick²,

McVicar

et al. 2017

Pediatrics

106

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“…Therefore, we used cultured saliva samples, a method that is recommended for the detection of CMV with high reliability [15]. Recent studies have described the influence of breastfeeding on CMV infection, so we sampled the mothers' breast milk at least two hours before feeding [15,28]. The CMV CI rate was 2.5% in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and gB genotyping of CMV in Mexican preterm infants in the context of maternal seropositivity

Arellano‐Galindo

Villanueva-García

Cruz-Ramirez

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Congenital (CI) and perinatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (PI) can be linked to maternal CMV seropositivity, with fatal consequences in preterm newborns. GB genotyping has been used to analyze genotypic similarity in mothers and infants. The frequency of CMV infection in the context of maternal seropositivity and the viral gB genotypes as well as the genotypic similarity in mothers and preterm infants were investigated. Methodology: Saliva samples and dry blood spots (DBS) were taken weekly from preterm newborns from birth until the first month of life, and breast milk samples were taken from their mothers weekly during the first month of lactation. CMV IgG seroprevalence of the mothers and CI or PI in the infants were established. The gB status and genotypic similarities were established retrospectively in DBS and in the breast milk samples. Results: In total, 387 neonates and 375 mothers were enrolled. The maternal CMV-positive IgG serology was 97.3% (365/375). Neonatal CMV was found in 5.1% (20/387) of newborns, and one infant presented with CMV-compatible symptoms. CI was 2.5% and PI in the first month after birth was 11.8%. GB2 was the most prevalent genotype and was also the genotype preferentially transmitted to newborns by mothers with mixed infections. Conclusions: CMV PI and CI in preterm infants from highly seropositive mothers was high, but the rate of symptomatic infection was low. The prevalent genotype was gB2, and this genotype was preferentially transmitted to newborns by mothers with mixed infections.

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“…Furthermore, subsequent analyses of the same group investigating in total 73,239 infants regarding CMV DNA detection in saliva revealed 284 positive screening results, with 18 of them classified as false positive [8]. Contamination of neonatal saliva samples by CMV DNA present in genital secretions in the birth canal during delivery [10] or in the milk remaining from the last breast feeding [11] as well as oral virus shedding due to self-limited local transient infection of the oral cavity of newborns after exposure to CMV containing genital fluids or breast milk without systemic primary infection [12] may explain these results. Because the amounts of contaminating CMV DNA should be rather small, a quantitative analysis of the CMV DNA amounts in the neonatal samples from the oral cavity may allow defining a threshold of viral DNA levels in saliva above which contamination by genital secretions or breast milk can be largely excluded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a universal screening approach for congenital CMV infection based on a highly-sensitive, quantitative, multiplex real-time PCR assay

et al. 2020

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The majority of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infections are asymptomatic at birth and therefore not diagnosed. Approximately 10-15% of these infants develop late-onset hearing loss and other developmental disorders. Implementation of a universal screening approach at birth may allow early initiation of symptomatic interventions due to a closer follow-up of infants at risk and offers the opportunity to consider treatment of late-onset disease. Realtime PCR assays for the detection of CMV DNA in buccal swab samples demonstrated feasibility and good clinical sensitivity in comparison to a rapid culture screening assay. Because most cCMV infections remain asymptomatic, a universal screening assay that stratifies CMV infected infants according to low and high risk of late-onset cCMV disease could limit the parental anxiety and reduce follow-up costs. We therefore developed and characterized a screening algorithm based on a highly-sensitive quantitative real-time PCR assay that is compatible with centralized testing of samples from universal screening and allows to determine CMV DNA load of saliva samples either as International Units (IU)/ml saliva or IU/10 5 cell equivalents. 18 of 34 saliva samples of newborns that tested positively by the screening algorithm were confirmed by detection of CMV DNA in blood and/or urine samples obtained during the first weeks of life. All screening samples that could not be confirmed had viral loads of <2.3x10 5 IU/ml saliva (median: 6.8x10 3) or 1.3x10 5 IU/10 5 cell equivalents (median: 4.0x10 2). The viral load of screening samples with confirmed cCMV infection ranged from 7.5x10 2 to 8.2x10 9 IU/ml saliva (median: 9.3x10 7) or 1.5x10 2 to 5.6x10 10 IU/10 5 cell equivalents (median: 3.5x10 6). Clinical follow-up of these newborns with confirmed cCMV infection should reveal whether the risk of late-onset cCMV disease correlates with CMV DNA load in early life saliva samples and whether a cutoff can

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Newborn screening of congenital cytomegalovirus infection using saliva can be influenced by breast feeding: Table 1

Abstract: AcknowledgementsThe authors thank H. Hidaka, M. Ishikawa and all medical staff of the Ai Women's Clinic for their assistance with specimen collection.

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Outcomes From a Hearing-Targeted Cytomegalovirus Screening Program

Outcomes From a Hearing-Targeted Cytomegalovirus Screening Program

Detection and gB genotyping of CMV in Mexican preterm infants in the context of maternal seropositivity

Characterization of a universal screening approach for congenital CMV infection based on a highly-sensitive, quantitative, multiplex real-time PCR assay

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