The search for articles was conducted in January 2020 in six databases: Academic Google, PubMed, SciElo, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science. The keywords used in all databases were: "subplate neurons", "newborn or neonate and subplate neuron", "neurodevelopment disorder and subplate neurons", "cognition and subplate neurons", "stress and subplate neurons", "pain or nociception and subplate neurons", "Autism and subplate neurons", "Schizophrenia and subplate neurons". Each combination corresponded to an individual query. Keywords had to appear in the title or abstract. No restrictions were placed on language or year of publication. The inclusion criteria for this review covered original articles and review articles explaining the formation, functions, and changes related to the SPN. Exclusion criteria were studies that did not address SPN and cognition, neurodevelopmental disorder, mental retardation, autism, pain, nociception, schizophrenia or stress. Thus, 566 of the 623 previously chosen articles were excluded (Figure 1) mainly for reasons as animal study, only physiologic analyses, not newborn infant or other reasons as oral/poster presentation only. Reporting of the results followed the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement of 2009.