Newcastle disease outbreaks in western China were caused by the genotypes VIIa and VIII

Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in South Korea using sequencing of the fusion protein cleavage site region and phylogenetic relationships

“…Various methods have been introduced for grouping and analysis of NDV including differences in pathogenicity (Alexander, 1997), antigenicity (Russell & Alexander, 1983;Alexander et al, 1987Alexander et al, , 1997, and genomes (Collins et al, 1993;Jarecki-Black & King, 1993;Seal et al, 1995Seal et al, , 1996Seal et al, , 2000Ballagi-Pordany et al, 1996;Marin et al, 1996;Kant et al, 1997;Lomniczi et al, 1998;Herczeg et al, 1999Herczeg et al, , 2001Yang et al, 1999;Nanthakumar et al, 2000;Aldous et al, 2001Aldous et al, , 2003Gould et al, 2001;Ke et al, 2001;Yu et al, 2001;Liang et al, 2002;Mase et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2003;Wehmann et al, 2003a,b). Several epidemiological studies of NDV have been carried out using molecular-based methods.…”

“…It was also suggested that genotypes VI and VII, isolates of the Middle East in late 1960s and isolates of Indonesia in the late 1980s, caused epizootic infection of Europe in the 1990s. Recently, there were several reports concerning molecular characterization of NDV in East Asia (Yang et al, 1999;Ke et al, 2001;Yu et al, 2001;Liang et al, 2002;Mase et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2003).…”

Genotyping of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from 2001 to 2007 in Japan

“…All isolates from chickens were classified into genotype VII, the predominant genotype responsible for most Newcastle disease outbreaks in the East Asian countries, including Japan [6,[10][11][12][21][22][23]. Among the isolates from chickens, those collected in 2001 (JP/Nagano/01 and JP/ Miyagi/02) were clustered with isolates from 2000 to mid-2001, suggesting that they were derived from a common origin.…”

“…The phylogenetic analysis of NDV reported by several groups of the researchers revealed that genotype VII has been predominant in East Asian countries, including Korea, Taiwan and China, since the 1980s [6,[10][11][12][21][22][23]. This genotype has also been the predominant pathogen in Japan, mainly in chickens, since 1985 [15].…”

Isolation of a Recent Korean Epizootic Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus from Eurasian Scops Owls Affected with Severe Diarrhea

“…Most recent Korean isolates (since 2000) belong to sublineage d of genotype VII (VIId) (Lee et al, 2004). The prevalence of VIId in Korea is similar to that in neighboring countries, including China (Liang et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2003;Zou et al, 2005), Japan (Mase et al, 2002), and Taiwan (Kou et al, 1999;Yang et al, 1999;Ke et al, 2001;Tsai et al, 2004). Newcastle disease virus strains can be classified into three pathotypes (lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic) on the basis of in vivo pathogenicity test parameters such as the mean death time (MDT) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old SPF chickens.…”