Newcastle disease virus in penguins from King George Island on the Antarctic region

Investigation on Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) and Avian Poxvirus (APV) in magellanic penguins in Southern region of Brazil

“…This was similar to the results described in other studies for NDV with different species of penguins in Southern coast of Australia (Morgan et al 1985), Antarctica (Morgan et al 1988), Crozet archipelago of the Indic Ocean (Gauthier-Clere et al 2002) and Galapagos Islands from Ecuador (Travis et al 2006). However, the isolation of NDV from the penguins in the Antarctica (Alexander et al 1989;Thomazelli et al 2010) and the presence of NDV antibodies in the Adelie (Pygocelis adelie), Rockhopper (Eudyptes chrysocome schlegeli) and King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonica), in Macquaire island in sub Antarctica showed that these viruses infected the penguins in some areas. Besides, the isolation of the NDV in different wild birds species associated with the presence of anti-NDV antibodies in Megallanic penguins in Argentina also suggested the possibility of the interspecies transmission (Zanetti et al 2005).…”

An evolutionary insight into Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Antarctica

“…Moreover, recent studies revealed the isolation of NDV in penguins from King George Island in the Antarctic region [33]. Detailed studies on the mode of evolution of these new NDV strains are relevant for inferring the evolutionary history of NDV.…”

Identification of an avian polyomavirus associated with Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)

“…Most of the early studies have relied on serological assays for identifying putative paramyxoviruses, orthomyxoviruses, flavirviruses and birnaviruses in wild penguin populations (Alexander et al, 1989;Austin & Webster, 1993;Gardner et al, 1997;Miller et al, 2010;Morgan et al, , 1985Smith et al, 2008;Thomazelli et al, 2010) and herpesviruses and togaviruses in captive individuals (Kincaid et al, 1988;Tuttle et al, 2005). A handful of recent studies have identified some of the viruses (avipoxviruses, Newcastle disease viruses, adenovirus, avian influenza virus and papillomavirus) at a molecular level (Carulei et al, 2009;Hurt et al, 2014;Kane et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2014;Thomazelli et al, 2010;Varsani et al, 2014).…”