Newer Classification and Regression Tree Techniques: Bagging and Random Forests for Ecological Prediction

Prasad, Anantha; Iverson, Louis R.; Liaw, Andy

doi:10.1007/s10021-005-0054-1

Cited by 1,905 publications

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“…2. This characteristic may explain its more intense use in Ubatuba, since this area is more exposed to the ocean than is Caraguatatuba bay, more protected from the forces of the open sea (PIRES-VANIN et al, 1993), due to the presence of São Sebastião Island.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) Hermit crab versus shell: An attempt was made to relate the hermit crab's characteristics (sex, dry weight, cephalothoracic shield length and width, propodus length and width) as independent variables influencing the use of the shell through a regression tree analysis. Regression trees are particularly useful in ecological studies for at least two reasons: this method permits the joint use of both qualitative and quantitative variables as predictors (independent variables) and it allows the inclusion of multiple predictors irrespective of whether multicolinearity exists between them (DEATH; FABRICIUS, 2000;PRASAD et al, 2006). regression trees are, therefore, well suited to relate the hermit crab's characteristics to the shell's, because the former often include both qualitative (e.g., sex) and quantitative variables (e.g., size, weight); further, variables such as size, volume and weight are often closely correlated to each other, i.e., are collinear.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gastropod shell availability acts as a limiting factor to these animals' populations (PROVENZANO, 1960;VANCE, 1972a;KELLOGG, 1976;SPIGHT, 1977;BARNES, 1999) and influences their growth rates (MARKHAM, 1968;CHILDRESS, 1972;VANCE, 1972;FOTHERINGHAM, 1976a;BERTNESS, 1981;HAZLETT, 1981) and egg production (BOLLAY, 1964;BERTNESS, 1981;ELWOOD et al, 1995;MANTELATTO et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of shell occupation by two southern populations of the hermit crab Loxopagurus loxochelis (Decapoda, Diogenidae)

2012

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A B S T R A C TThe present study aimed to comparatively verify the relation between the hermit crabs and the shells they use in two populations of Loxopagurus loxochelis. Samples were collected monthly from July 2002 to June 2003, at Caraguatatuba and Ubatuba Bay, São Paulo, Brazil. The animals sampled had their sex identified, were weighed and measured; their shells were identified, measured and weighed, and their internal volume determined. To relate the hermit crab's characteristics and the shells' variables, principal component analysis (PCA) and a regression tree were used. According to the PCA analysis, the three gastropod shells most frequently used by L. loxochelis varied in size. The regression tree successfully explained the relationship between the hermit crab's characteristics and the internal volume of the inhabited shell. It can be inferred that the relationship between the morphometry of an individual hermit crab and its shell is not straightforward and it is impossible to explain only on the basis of direct correlations between the body's and the shell's attributes. Several factors (such as the morphometry and the availability of the shell, environmental conditions and inter-and intraspecific competition) interact and seem to be taken into consideration by the hermit crabs when they choose a shell, resulting in the diversified pattern of shell occupancy shown here and elsewhere. R E S U M OO presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar de forma comparativa a relação entre ermitões e conchas utilizadas por duas populações de Loxopagurus loxochelis. Foram realizadas coletas mensais, de julho 2002 a junho 2003, nas Enseadas de Caraguatatuba e de Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil. Os animais amostrados foram identificados quanto ao sexo, pesados, e mensurados; as conchas de gastrópodes foram identificadas, mensuradas, pesadas e tiveram seu volume interno determinado. Para relacionar as variáveis dos ermitões com as conchas foram utilizadas a análise de componentes principais (PCA) e a árvore de regressão. As três conchas de gastrópodes utilizadas mais intensamente diferiram em tamanho de acordo com a PCA. A árvore de regressão explicou com sucesso a relação entre características do ermitão e volume interno das conchas habitadas. Inferiu-se que a relação entre a morfometria de um ermitão e sua concha não é simples e não é possível de ser explicada com base somente em correlações diretas entre atributos do corpo e da concha. Inúmeros fatores (como morfometria e disponibilidade da concha, condições ambientais e competição inter e intra-específica) interagem e devem ser levados em consideração na escolha de uma concha pelos ermitões, resultando no diversificado padrão de ocupação de conchas demonstrado neste e em outros trabalhos correlatos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of shell occupation by two southern populations of the hermit crab Loxopagurus loxochelis (Decapoda, Diogenidae)

2012

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“…A random forest usually consists of a compilation of classification or regression trees (e.g., 1000 trees in a single random forest) to produce more accurate classifications and regressions than single-tree models (i.e., CART) (Liaw and Wiener, 2002). The trees are grown to maximum size without pruning and aggregation is by averaging the trees (Prasad et al, 2006). It selects only the best split among a random subset of variables at each node, but not among the sequence of pruned trees.…”

Section: Performance Of Modeling Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting assemblages and species richness of endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River

Wang

Lek-Ang

et al. 2010

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Then the Random Forest classification defines the final classes according to a rank for most voted trees. This method has been applied in ecological studies (CUTLER et al, 2007;PRASAD et al, 2006) offering powerful alternatives to traditional parametric and semiparametric The algorithm parameters were set after previous tests to improve its effi ciency. We established 100 decision trees to be created without length and pruning performance constraints.…”

Section: Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Ecological Niche of Tree Species in Brazilian Tropical Area

Carvalho

Gomide

Santos

et al. 2017

CERNE

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ABSTRACT:Modeling of the ecological niche of vegetal species is useful for understanding the species-environment relationship, for prediction of responses to climate changes and for correct reforestation programs and establishment of plantation's recommendation. The objective of this work was to establish a model for the distribution of four tree species (Casearia sylvestris, Copaifera langsdorffii, Croton floribundus and Tapirira guianensis), widely used in reforestation projects in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between environmental characteristics and the occurrence of species and tested the performance of Random Forest and Artificial Neural Networks as modeling methods. These methods were evaluated by their overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Kappa, true skill statistic and the area under the receiver operating curve. The results showed the species Casearia sylvestris, Copaifera langsdorffii and Tapirira guianensis widely occurring in the state of Minas Gerais, including a broad range of environmental variables. Croton floribundus had restricted occurrence in the southern state, showing narrow environmental variation. The resulting algorithms demonstrated greater performance when modeling restricted geographic and environmental species, as well as species occurring with high prevalence in data. The algorithm Random Forest performed better for distribution modeling of all species, although the results varied for each metric and species. The maps generated had acceptable metrics and are supported by and ecological information obtained from other sources, constituting a useful tool to understand the ecology and biogeography of the target species. MODELAGEM DO NICHO ECOLÓGICOS DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS EM UMA ÁREA TROPICAL BRASILEIRARESUMO: A modelagem de nicho ecológico de uma espécie é útil para a compreensão da relação espécie-ambiente, para a previsão do comportamento frente às alterações climáticas e para a indicação correta em reflorestamentos e estabelecimento de plantações. O objetivo foi modelar a distribuição de quatro espécies arbóreas amplamente utilizadas em projetos de reflorestamento no estado de Minas Gerais (Casearia sylvestris, Copaifera langsdorffii, Croton floribundus e Tapirira guianensis). Como complemento, o objetivo foi analisar a relação entre as características ambientais e a ocorrência de espécies e testar o desempenho das técnicas random forest e redes neurais artificiais como métodos de modelagem. Estes métodos foram avaliados pelas métricas de acurácia global, sensibilidade, especificidade, kappa, true skill statistic e área sob a curva. Verificou-se que as espécies Casearia sylvestris, Copaifera langsdorffii e Tapirira guianensis apresentaram ampla área de ocorrência no estado Minas Gerais, cobrindo ampla gama de variáveis ambientais. Já Croton floribundus demonstrou ocorrência restrita do sul do estado, mostrando estreita variação ambiental. Os resultados dos algoritmos demonstraram maior desempenho na modelagem de espécies geograf...

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Newer Classification and Regression Tree Techniques: Bagging and Random Forests for Ecological Prediction

Cited by 1,905 publications

References 42 publications

Comparative analysis of shell occupation by two southern populations of the hermit crab Loxopagurus loxochelis (Decapoda, Diogenidae)

Comparative analysis of shell occupation by two southern populations of the hermit crab Loxopagurus loxochelis (Decapoda, Diogenidae)

Predicting assemblages and species richness of endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River

Modeling Ecological Niche of Tree Species in Brazilian Tropical Area

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