Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases:prevalence and conformity of baseline blood pressure, lipids and HbA 1c to target levels

Medovchshikov, Vadim; Yeshniyazov, N.B.; Хасанова, Э. Р.; Vatsik, M.V.; Tukhsanboev, Y.S.; Babaeva, L.; Кобалава, Ж. Д.

doi:10.32756/0869-5490-2020-4-31-35

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…A complex of laboratory-biochemical methods for lipid and protein metabolism by enzymatic colorimetric methods (CHOD-PAP, GPO-PAP) on an automatic biochemical analyzer "TARGA-2000" ("BIOTECHNICA INSTRUMENT," Italy) was used. Blood serum enzymes were determined (according to Reitman and Frenkel) to assess the functional state of internal organs aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase [8], [9]. The indices of hormone metabolism were determined by ELISA using DSL kits (USA) with subsequent measurement of optical density on a Spectra Classic reader from Tecan (Austria): Corticotropic hormone, adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, free hydrocortisone; 17-ketosteroids, 17-oxycorticosteroids, glucogone, insulin, somatotropic hormone (STH); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroxine (T 4 ); and thyroxine (T 3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Relationship of Metabolic and Morphofunctional Disorders of Thyroid and Adrenal Glands in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

Zhautikova

Abdikadirova

Zhienbayeva

et al. 2022

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: The issues of the pathogenetic relationship of thyroid-adrenal disorders in diabetes mellitus (DM) remain relevant, despite certain advances in the study of the pathogenesis and the clinic of DM. These issues are especially actual in the case of a combination of DM with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and obesity. AIM: The aim was to reveal the pathogenetic mechanisms of the relationship between metabolic and morphofunctional thyroid-adrenal disorders in DM and obesity. METHODS: The study included 395 patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The diagnosis of DM was verified in accordance with International Programs and was based on WHO criteria. The glycemic level of patients was determined using a One Touch® basic glucometer (Johnson&Johnson, USA). The degree of carbohydrate metabolism compensation was assessed by the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), determined using a laboratory analyzer DCA-2000 MT (BAYER, Germany). The concentration of C-peptide in the blood serum was determined by the method of immunoluminometric analysis “Immunotech” (Czech Republic). Caro and HOMA-IR indices were calculated to identify and assess the insulin resistance (IR). The indices of hormone metabolism were determined by ELISA using DSL kits (USA) with subsequent measurement of optical density on a Spectra Classic reader from Tecan (Austria): Corticotropic hormone, adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, free hydrocortisone; 17-ketosteroids, 17-oxycorticosteroids, glucogone, insulin, somatotropic hormone (STH); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroxine (T4); and thyroxine (T3). Instrumental-functional and radiation research methods. Ultrasound examination of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, lungs, liver, and kidneys was performed in all patients. Morphological changes were assessed using histological and morphometric methods. RESULTS: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic patients were revealed by increased glycemic parameters – in 2.14 times, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) – in 2.8 times, HbA1c – in 1.85 times, and HOMA – in 5.3 times compared with the control group. The following indicators were significantly higher in patients with combination of DM, IHD, and obesity: Glycemia – in 2.29 times (p < 0.05), IRI – in 3.81 times, HbA1c – in 2.01 times, and HOMA – in 7.76 times compared with Co and CIHD groups. An increase in the content of pyruvate and lactate and the ratio in the DM2o and DM2IHDo groups indicate an acceleration of glycolysis and the degree of pyridine nucleotides reduction, as well as excessive lipolysis and progression of tissue hypoxia. Thus, the rate of glucose oxidation in patients of DM2o subgroup is reduced in 3.02 times, in patients of DM2IHDo subgroup (p < 0.05) – in 3.18 times compared with Co group. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an increase in the volume of adipose tissue in relation to muscle and bone tissue in patients of DM2o and DM2IHDo subgroups. Abdominal obesity type is expressed in these patients. An increase of glucose promotes its conversion into triglycerides (TG) of adipose tissue under the condition of hyperinsulinemia. Lipogenesis in the body of patients with DM and coronary heart disease increases, and obesity develops. The increase of cortisol and TSH (p < 0.01) levels was observed in patients of DM2o, DM2IHDo groups compared with the control groups. In patients of DM1 group, the parameters of norepinephrine were increased in 2.23 times, TSH (p < 0.01) – in 3.15 times, and the content of STH was reduced in 3.76 times and the content of cortisol – in 1.5 times significantly (p < 0.01) compared to C1 group. Ultrasound and CT with contrast revealed diffuse adrenal hyperplasia, signs of a decrease in the size of the thyroid gland with a medium-grained structure, areas of its cystic degeneration in the form of hypoechoic zones with a medium-grained echo structure. Thus, the expressed atrophic processes in the lobes of the thyroid gland were observed in 27 (15.4%) patients of DM2 group and in 13 (13%) patients of DM2CHDo group. Analysis of spectral characteristics during Doppler ultrasonography of the thyroid gland vessels made it possible to determine low peak systolic blood flow velocities in CIHD group. Pathomorphological examination of the adrenal glands on electronograms recorded that the porosity of the walls of the sinusoidal capillaries increased primarily within the bundle zone of the cortex. Corticocytes of the fascicular and reticular zones underwent degenerative and necrotic changes. Along with this, some of the epithelial cells contained the usual number of light and an increased number of dark fat droplets. The study of the sectional material revealed signs of suppression of the function of the thyroid gland, dystrophic changes in the cells increased, which contributed to a decrease in the functional capabilities of the follicular epithelium, destruction of individual thyrocytes, and substitutional sclerosis with an increase in the exchange surface area in the blood-tissue barriers. CONCLUSION: The main pathogenetic mechanism of suppression of the structural and functional state of the adrenal and thyroid glands is due to dystrophic changes in the microvasculature. With the addition of ischemic heart disease, the oppression of their functions of the glands develops, which leads to destruction, an increase in vascularization, porosity of the capillary walls, and tissue hardening. There is a further aggravation of hormonal and metabolic disorders in patients with DM with coronary heart disease. It is confirmed by a significant increase in the lactate/pyruvate index and the index of IR. The volume of adipose tissue in relation to muscle and bone tissue on CT was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the control groups. The predominance of the abdominal type of fat deposition is expressed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Relationship of Metabolic and Morphofunctional Disorders of Thyroid and Adrenal Glands in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

Zhautikova

Abdikadirova

Zhienbayeva

et al. 2022

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Evaluation of Clinical and Instrumental Results of Lung Examination in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Coronary Artery Disease, and Obesity

Zhautikova

Abdikadirova

Abikenova

et al. 2022

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: There are a large number of works devoted to the study of the state of the bronchopulmonary system in diabetes mellitus in the literature in the last 20 years. However, these studies are often conflicting. Some researchers identify a deterioration in the function of external respiration and a connection with metabolic changes and complications of the disease, others associate it with vascular pathology. There are a number of reports of increased pulmonary ventilation in diabetes. AIM: To assess the structural and functional state of the lungs in patients with diabetes mellitus and in combination with coronary heart disease and obesity. METHODS: 395 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus were under observation. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was verified in accordance with International Programs and was based on WHO criteria. The glycemic level of patients was determined using a One Touch® basic glucometer (Johnson&Johnson, USA). The degree of carbohydrate metabolism compensation was assessed by the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), determined using a laboratory analyzer DCA-2000 MT (BAYER, Germany). The concentration of C-peptide in the blood serum was determined by the method of immunoluminometric analysis "Immunotech" (Czech Republic). Caro and HOMA-IR indices were calculated to identify and assess the insulin resistance (IR). The indices of hormone metabolism were determined by ELISA using DSL kits (USA) with subsequent measurement of optical density on a Spectra Classic reader from Tecan (Austria): corticotropic hormone (CTG), adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, free hydrocortisone; 17-ketosteroids, 17-oxycorticosteroids, glucogone, insulin, somatotropic hormone (STH); thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroxine (T4); thyroxine (T3). Instrumental-functional and radiation research methods: X-ray methods for lungs examining, computer spirography, fibrobronchoscopy of the bronchi was performed in all patients. Morphological changes were assessed using histological and morphometric methods. RESULTS: Pathogenetic mechanisms of the bronchopulmonary system disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are associated with a decrease in the function of external respiration due to the volumetric air flow rates of the predominantly central airways and an increase in bronchial resistance. Alveolar hypoventilation of a restrictive type with impaired diffusion of gases through the alveolar-capillary membrane was detected in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Restrictive and obstructive type disorders with impaired ventilation-perfusion ratios and pulmonary blood flow are formed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with coronary artery disease and obesity. CONCLUSION: A decrease in the function of external respiration due to the central respiratory tract and an increase in bronchial resistance were noted in 38.4% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Restrictive alveolar hypoventilation was registered in 23.3% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, catarrhal endobronchitis – in 21.31% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Damage and fibrosis of the alveolar tissue, damage to the endothelium and disorganization of the connective tissue of the lungs were characteristic of microscopic examination of the ultrastructure of the lungs in patients with diabetes mellitus.

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Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases:prevalence and conformity of baseline blood pressure, lipids and HbA 1c to target levels

Abstract: To estimate the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and the conformity of baseline blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and HbA 1c to the target levels in patients with established cardiovascular diseases.

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Relationship of Metabolic and Morphofunctional Disorders of Thyroid and Adrenal Glands in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Relationship of Metabolic and Morphofunctional Disorders of Thyroid and Adrenal Glands in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

Evaluation of Clinical and Instrumental Results of Lung Examination in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Coronary Artery Disease, and Obesity

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