Newly Emerged PorcineDeltacoronavirusAssociated With Diarrhoea in Swine in China: Identification, Prevalence and Full-Length Genome Sequence Analysis

Abstract

To identify and characterize aetiologic agent(s) associated with an outbreak of a severe diarrhoea in piglets in Jiangxi, China, in March 2015, a nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was developed. A survey based on the nested RT-PCR established indicated that the monoinfection of PDCoV (33.71%) and coinfection of PDCoV (19.66%) with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) were common in diarrhoeal pigs in Jiangxi, China. A high prevalence of PDCoV (58.33%) in diarrhoeal samples which were PEDV negative was observed. The complete genome sequence of a representative PDCoV strain, PDCoV/CHJXNI2/2015, was determined. Phylogenetic analysis of complete genome and S protein sequences of PDCoV/CHJXNI2/2015 demonstrated that it was most closely related to Hong Kong and US PDCoVs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification, prevalence, complete genome sequencing and molecular characterizations of PDCoV in diarrhoeal samples in pigs in China.

The detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus from Guangdong Province in Southern China

“…Porcine deltacoronavirus was first identified in swine specimens collected in 2009 in Hong Kong (Woo et al., ). It was identified later in several states of USA (Li et al., ; Marthaler, Jiang, Collins, & Rossow, ; Wang, Byrum, & Zhang, ) and has now spread to South Korea, mainland China, Thailand and Laos (Lee & Lee, ; Lee et al., ; Lorsirigool et al., ; Madapong et al., ; Song et al., ). The emergence of PDCoV was most often associated with clinical infection symptoms including diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in pigs, especially in sucking and nursing piglets (Janetanakit et al., ; Ma et al., ; Marthaler, Raymond et al ; Song et al., ).…”

“…It was identified later in several states of USA (Li et al., ; Marthaler, Jiang, Collins, & Rossow, ; Wang, Byrum, & Zhang, ) and has now spread to South Korea, mainland China, Thailand and Laos (Lee & Lee, ; Lee et al., ; Lorsirigool et al., ; Madapong et al., ; Song et al., ). The emergence of PDCoV was most often associated with clinical infection symptoms including diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in pigs, especially in sucking and nursing piglets (Janetanakit et al., ; Ma et al., ; Marthaler, Raymond et al ; Song et al., ). These worldwide outbreaks of PDCoV have caused economic losses to the global commercial swine industry (Chen, Gauger et al., ; Chen, Zhu et al., ; Homwong et al., ; Song et al., ; Wang et al., ).…”

“…The emergence of PDCoV was most often associated with clinical infection symptoms including diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in pigs, especially in sucking and nursing piglets (Janetanakit et al., ; Ma et al., ; Marthaler, Raymond et al ; Song et al., ). These worldwide outbreaks of PDCoV have caused economic losses to the global commercial swine industry (Chen, Gauger et al., ; Chen, Zhu et al., ; Homwong et al., ; Song et al., ; Wang et al., ).…”

Porcine gastroenteric viruses: pathogenesis and protection

“…The American PDCoVthat was discovered in Ohio and Indiana, rapidly spread to other states in the USA and Canada, and caused significant economic losses in the swine industry . PDCoV has also been identified in Canada, Thailand, Korea and China (Dong et al, 2015;Homwong et al, 2016;Janetanakit et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2016;Song et al, 2015).Genome analysis has revealed that USAPDCoV isolates share a close relationship (99.7% sequence identity) with Hong Kong and South Korean PDCoV strains, and with CoVsisolated in Asian leopard cat and Journal "Veterinaria i kormlenie" èçìåíåíèé, êîòîðûå èãðàþò êëþ÷åâóþ ðîëü â óìåíüøåíèè âèðóëåíòíîñòè, ýòî ìîaeåò ïîñïîñîáñòâîâàòü ðàçðàáîòêå ýôôåêòèâíûõ âàêöèí.…”

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of a Porcine Delta Coronavirus from Eastern China

“…The clinical symptoms of PDCoV disease are very similar to those of porcine epidemic diarrhea, but PDCoV disease is milder [4]. Since April 2017, disease caused by PDCoV strains has been reported in North America (the United States, Canada, and Mexico) [5][6][7][8][9][10] and Asia, including South Korea, Mainland China, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”