Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages fromCedrus libaniandPinus nigrafor controlled delivery of Oxaliplatin

Abstract

Sporopollenin-mediated controlled drug delivery has been studied extensively owing to its physicochemical and biological charachteristics. In the present study, sporopollenin was successfully extracted from pollen grains of C. libani and P. nigra followed by the loading of a commonly known anticancer drug Oxaliplatin. Both the drug loading and physicochemical features were confirmed by using light microscopy, FT-IR, SEM and TGA. For the first time, real-time cell analyzer system, xCELLigence, was employed to record the Oxaliplatin-loaded and sporopollenin-mediated cell death (CaCo-2 and Vero cells) in real time. Both the assays confirmed the slow release of Oxaliplatin from sporopollenin for around 40–45 h. The expression of MYC and FOXO-3 genes significantly increased in CaCo2 cell and decreased non-cancerous Vero cell confirming that sporopollenin-mediated controlled release of Oxaliplatin was promoting apoptosis cell death preventing the spread of its negative effects to nearby healthy cells. All the results suggested that C. libani and P. nigra could be suitable candidates for slow delivery of drugs.

Plant Pollen Grains: A Move Towards Green Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems

“…The kinetics evaluations and in vitro discharge were accomplished to evaluate the appropriateness of sporopollenin microcages for packing; such sporopollenin microcages could be deployed for controlled drug delivery applications [38]. In one study, sporopollenin obtained from pollen grains of Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra was utilized for the delivery of anticancer drug oxaliplatin where its slow release from sporopollenin was demonstrated (~ 40-45 h) [39]. The MYC and FOXO-3 gene expression remarkably augmented in CaCo 2 cell and reduced among non-cancerous Vero cell affirming that sporopolleninfacilitated regulated discharge of oxaliplatin, which could stimulate the apoptosis cell demise and avoid the dispersion of its adverse influences to neighbouring healthy cells [39].…”

“…In one study, sporopollenin obtained from pollen grains of Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra was utilized for the delivery of anticancer drug oxaliplatin where its slow release from sporopollenin was demonstrated (~ 40-45 h) [39]. The MYC and FOXO-3 gene expression remarkably augmented in CaCo 2 cell and reduced among non-cancerous Vero cell affirming that sporopolleninfacilitated regulated discharge of oxaliplatin, which could stimulate the apoptosis cell demise and avoid the dispersion of its adverse influences to neighbouring healthy cells [39]. Additionally, sporopollenin macroporous capsules isolated from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) spores and coated by a natural polymer composite (chitosan with glutaraldehyde) were employed in the in vitro-controlled delivery of ibuprofen [20].…”