Newly-Proposed Methods for Early Detection of Incoming Earthquakes, Tsunamis & Tidal Motion

A Single-Layer Flat-Coil-Oscillator-Based Technology as a Highly Sensitive Promising Detector for State-of-the-Art “Cognitive Radio Systems”

“…The class I is the sensors with a mechanical vibrating system [8][9][10][11][12][13]15] and includes several types: the position sensor (position, speed, and acceleration sensors), vibration sensor (vibraphone and seismic sensor), the acoustic sensor (microphone and hydrophone) and the vibroacoustic SFCO magnetometer. The class II involves the sensors without the vibrating system and currently is presented by four types: the radiofrequency 'magnetic field' probe (MF probe) [14,16], the noninertial (due to low mass) thermal sensor (with $1 μK extremely-high resolution) [2,4], the nanowatt absorption meter (quality-factor meter -Q-meter) [5,6], and the MF probebased SFCO magnetometer [3,7].…”

“…In sensors with the mechanical vibration system, the main measured quantity is the frequency shift (see Figure 3 in Ref. [10] or Figure 1 in Refs. [3,4]) caused by deformation of the RF electromagnetic field lines (F $ 10-50 MHz) near the flat surface of the measuring oscillator coil (in response to the approach/removal of the normal-metallic (e.g., copper) plate of the vibrating system [8][9][10][11][12][13]15]) due to shielding Eddy currents induced by the same RF field in the plate (see Figure 2A and B).…”

“…[10] or Figure 1 in Refs. [3,4]) caused by deformation of the RF electromagnetic field lines (F $ 10-50 MHz) near the flat surface of the measuring oscillator coil (in response to the approach/removal of the normal-metallic (e.g., copper) plate of the vibrating system [8][9][10][11][12][13]15]) due to shielding Eddy currents induced by the same RF field in the plate (see Figure 2A and B). Note that the sensitivity (or resolution) of SFCO sensors exponentially drops from the rising distance between the coil plane and the metallic plate of the vibrating system [3] (Figure 2C).…”

“…In order to simplify the understanding of drawings in the further presentation, it is just the right moment to note that, as a rule, the SFCO technology-based devices consist of two self-oscillators (Figure 3 in Ref. [10], or Figure 1 in Refs. [3,4]).…”

“…Soon this method was developed into a powerful technology platform called a single-layer flat-coil-oscillator (SFCO) technology. It helped to increase the resolution of detectors in seismology/geophysics [8][9][10][11] and develop research and diagnostic techniques for use in physiology and biophysics [12][13][14][15]. We have also recently shown the feasibility of using SFCO method-based sensors for noncontact far-field nondestructive scanning of various structures and media [16].…”