Newly Recognized Diversity of Fruits and Seeds from the Late Paleogene Flora of Trinity County, East Texas, USA

Huegele, Indah B.; Manchester, Steven R.

doi:10.1086/704358

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Fossil fruits similar to those of Symplocos vera were recently described as S. fritschii Huegele from the Late Paleogene of Trinity County in eastern Texas (Huegele and Manchester 2019). These fossils were also assigned by the authors to S. ser.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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SymplocosFruits from the Pliocene of Colombia

Manchester

Lott

Herrera³

et al. 2021

Systematic Botany

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Abstract— Fossil fruits of Symplocos (Ericales: Symplocaceae) are here recognized from the Pliocene of Guasca, Colombia, based on specimens formerly attributed to Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales). Symplocos vera (Berry) comb. nov. is represented by 19 lignitized fruits. The fossils are recognized as belonging to Symplocos primarily by their woody endocarps that are apically truncate and that possess 3 to 5 apical germination pores and locules, and a central vascular canal extending the length of the endocarp. In several key characters they are highly congruent with the endocarps of the extant Neotropical clade S. ser. Symplocos. Some of the extant species in the series are variably 3- to 5-locular; 4-locular endocarps are otherwise rare in Symplocos, and 5-locular endocarps appear to be unique to this series. Symplocos vera is the only specifically named record of fossil Symplocos fruits with accessible voucher specimens from South America. The younger Neogene age of the fossils relative to those attributed to S. ser. Symplocos from the late Eocene of Texas, along with a report of Colombian fossil endocarps from the middle Miocene, supports the North America to South America migration inferred for this clade from molecular phylogenetic data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Symplocos also has a few records in North America (e.g. Tiffney et al 2018;Huegele and Manchester 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

SymplocosFruits from the Pliocene of Colombia

Manchester

Lott

Herrera³

et al. 2021

Systematic Botany

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“…We did not recover any direct evidence of animal interaction; the fossils lack obvious bite marks, which are known to preserve in some other carpofloras (e.g. Huegele and Manchester, 2019). Taken collectively with other fruits from the Tongue River Member, these fruits indicate a range of food choices for the mid-Paleocene fauna and show a range of both abiotic and biotic dispersal mechanisms.…”

Section: Food For Mammals and Birdsmentioning

confidence: 75%

The mid-Paleocene fruit and seed flora from the Fort Union Formation of Newell’s Nook, southeastern Montana, USA

Huegele¹,

Manchester²

2022

Acta Palaeobot.

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The middle Paleocene Newell’s Nook biota of the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation, southeastern Montana, is best known for its early Tiffanian mammalian fauna. Here, we describe an informative fruit and seed assemblage from this locality. These records refine the lower stratigraphic boundary for several plant genera known more widely from the Fort Union paleobotanical localities of less certain stratigraphic assignment within the upper Paleocene and help to fill a gap in our knowledge about the mid-Paleocene floristic composition of the Rocky Mountain and Great Plains region. Recognized plant taxa belong to the families Characeae, Taxaceae, Menispermaceae, Sabiaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Vitaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Juglandaceae. Several morphotypes remain uncertain as to familial position. Based on the dispersal syndromes of extant relatives, about 2/3 of these fruits were adaptive for animal dispersal, with hard seeds or endocarps covered by a fleshy outer layer. Dry seeds and nuts were likely part of the diet of small mammals. The Newell’s Nook locality presents another rare example of a North American Paleocene fruit and seed locality and provides insights to the dietary habits and ecology of the co-occurring fauna of this time.

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“…6m is quite similar to the that interpreted as gnaw marks in fig. 5a, b of Huegele and Manchester (2019). While we are not aware of any rodents reported from the precise level of the Wagon Bed flora, it is noteworthy they are known from the underlying Fort Union Formation (Gazin 1971) and Wasatchian sediments (Gunnell et al 2016, Strait et al 2016, as well as the overlying Uintan portion of the Wagon Bed flora (Krishtalka 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The early middle Eocene Wagon Bed carpoflora of central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Tiffney¹,

Manchester²

2022

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The early middle Eocene Wagon Bed fruit and seed flora of central Wyoming encompasses nine morphotypes that are assignable to extant genera (Alangium, Aphanathe, Canarium, Carya, Celtis, Iodes, Mastixia, Nyssa, Pleiogynium), four that are assignable to extinct genera in extant families (Chandlera, Menispermaceae; Coryloides, Betulaceae; Pentoperculum, Anacardiaceae; Saxifragispermum, Salicaceae) and one morphotype potentially assignable to an extant family (Pandanaceae). At least 11 morphotypes remain unidentified due to incomplete characters, although some exhibit features suggestive, but not definitive, of extant families (e.g., Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Nymphaeaceae, Rosaceae). Individual taxa exhibit paleobiogeographic links with the Eocene floras of the west coast of North America, as well as with those of the Eocene of Europe. Together with previously described pollen and woods, these fruits and seeds indicate a mixed evergreen and deciduous forest, existing under moist circumstances, possessing primary taxonomic affinities with extant paratropical taxa of the Old World.

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Newly Recognized Diversity of Fruits and Seeds from the Late Paleogene Flora of Trinity County, East Texas, USA

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

SymplocosFruits from the Pliocene of Colombia

SymplocosFruits from the Pliocene of Colombia

The mid-Paleocene fruit and seed flora from the Fort Union Formation of Newell’s Nook, southeastern Montana, USA

The early middle Eocene Wagon Bed carpoflora of central Wyoming, U.S.A.

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