News Borrowing Revisited: A 50-Year Perspective

Riffe, Daniel; Kim, Seoyeon; Sobel, Meghan

doi:10.1177/1077699018754909

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The phenomena of interest may be either manifest or latent . Manifest content refers to concrete concepts that are clearly present or absent, whereas latent content refers to more abstract concepts that cannot be measured directly but instead are identified by several indicators (Riffe et al., 2018). For instance, if a goal is to hand‐label the presence or absence of water in typically dry streambeds based on high‐quality webcam images, “water” is a relatively manifest phenomenon, and thus the codebook would require minimal information about how to identify it.…”

Section: How Qca Can Address Limitations and Problems Of Training Sup...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the Reproducibility and Replicability of Supervised AI/ML in the Earth Systems Science by Leveraging Social Science Methods

Wirz,

Sutter,

Demuth

et al. 2024

Earth and Space Science

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Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) pose a challenge for achieving science that is both reproducible and replicable. The challenge is compounded in supervised models that depend on manually labeled training data, as they introduce additional decision‐making and processes that require thorough documentation and reporting. We address these limitations by providing an approach to hand labeling training data for supervised ML that integrates quantitative content analysis (QCA)—a method from social science research. The QCA approach provides a rigorous and well‐documented hand labeling procedure to improve the replicability and reproducibility of supervised ML applications in Earth systems science (ESS), as well as the ability to evaluate them. Specifically, the approach requires (a) the articulation and documentation of the exact decision‐making process used for assigning hand labels in a “codebook” and (b) an empirical evaluation of the reliability” of the hand labelers. In this paper, we outline the contributions of QCA to the field, along with an overview of the general approach. We then provide a case study to further demonstrate how this framework has and can be applied when developing supervised ML models for applications in ESS. With this approach, we provide an actionable path forward for addressing ethical considerations and goals outlined by recent AGU work on ML ethics in ESS.

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Section: How Qca Can Address Limitations and Problems Of Training Sup...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the Reproducibility and Replicability of Supervised AI/ML in the Earth Systems Science by Leveraging Social Science Methods

Wirz,

Sutter,

Demuth

et al. 2024

Earth and Space Science

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“…A follow-up study by Caliendo et al (1999) found only a moderate correlation between the severity of physical abuse and volume of news coverage by the New York Times . While there is evidence that human rights coverage increased in the 1990s (Barnhurst, 2016; Ramos et al, 2007; Riffe et al, 2018), media attention tended to concentrate on a few nations that already commanded public attention from the Northern media (Thrall et al, 2014; Wu, 2000). ‘The media magnify the presence of certain human rights problems whilst minimizing the relevance of others’, observe Tumber and Waisbord (2017: 3) in their encyclopedic handbook on media and human rights.…”

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

News coverage of human rights: Investigating determinants of media attention

Maier

2019

Journalism

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In an empirical assessment of determinants of international news, this study tests the theory that human rights abuses elicit media attention commensurate to the violence. To evaluate this proposition, the study draws on two authoritative human rights indices: the Political Terror Scale and the Cingranelli–Richards human rights score. These indices are correlated country by country with a 180-nation database tracking foreign news coverage by the New York Times, Time magazine, and NBC Nightly News. Making a contribution to this field of research, this cross-media study assesses the magnitude of human rights suffering relative to the influence of economic, geographical, and demographic factors that drive media agenda setting. By informing the public of human suffering, media potentially provide a crucial link to political response and public policy. How well do the US media studied perform this role? Not very well. Results indicate that human rights abuse is a weak predictor of media attention; military and economic factors predominate international news coverage. With human rights ranked 7th of 16 news determinants, the study suggests that greater media attention can – and should – be given to victims in dire distress.

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“…The main reason for the newspapers to do this is because they identify specific articles as a matter of interest for their own readerships (cf. Riffe et al, 2018; also see e.g. replies from the editors regarding why they borrow news arctiles from other news sources).…”

Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…replies from the editors regarding why they choose to focus on these specific topics; cf. Riffe et al, 2018), which in turn reflects the ideological stance of the newspaper itself (Islentyeva, 2019;Jonsson, 2014;Maydell, 2010). The recognition of readership is also evident in the selection of news articles under the theme of travel.…”

Section: Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity Construction Online: Identities and Ideologies in Reader Comments in Online News Fora

Liu¹

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The relationship between language and identity remains a core topic of interest in applied (socio) linguistics. The investigation of identity in the online context, however, remains underexplored despite of a mushrooming of participation by users. Adopting a social constructionist perspective which views identities as dynamic and multiple, this thesis investigates how identities are discursively co-constructed in interaction, with close attention paid to the wider sociocultural Discourses and ideologies that impact on these negotiations. I focus on interactions that take place in online news comment boards, with the goal of identifying how commenters discursively construct and negotiate their identities through their comments, addressing the overarching research question: “How is identity constructed and negotiated through comments discourse in an online communication setting?”The dataset includes approximately 3,000 comments collected from the reader sections of news articles published on three different online news websites: Stuff in New Zealand, and The Guardian and Mail Online in the UK. The comments are responses to 40 articles, covering topics focusing on same-sex marriage (an explicitly ideologically-loaded topic) and travel (a topic where ideologies are less overt). All comments were collected within a one-week period following the respective news article’s appearance. This data set allows me to capture the most immediate responses from readers and provides naturally-occurring interactional data to investigate identity construction. In line with the social constructionist stance I view identity as emergent and negotiated within discourse, as a discursive and socially situated phenomenon that is interactionally achieved with other interactants. Through in-depth qualitative discourse analysis supported by thematic coding, the findings demonstrate the interrelationship between commenters’ ideologies and identity construction in online interaction. Interactional Sociolinguistics (IS) with its principled inclusion of both micro and macro considerations is applied to ensure rigour in the discourse analysis and I employ positionality (Bucholtz & Hall, 2005) and Intertextuality (Bakhtin, 1981) to productively narrow the analytic focus. The analysis indicates that salient identities for commenters hinge on constructs of nationality (which in turn interacts with ethnicity) and gender (and relatedly sexuality). This resonates with the concept of intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1989), at the core of which is the recognition that macro aspects of identity (e.g. race, sexual orientation, etc.) are overlap and interact with each other in multiple ways. In addition, the findings suggest that these identities are often ‘triggered’ by the positioning of self and other, including the present interlocutor(s) and other characters involved in the interaction, as represented by specific ideologies. In reaching these conclusions I highlight the contextual intricacies of the asynchronous, text-based online environment where traditional contextualisation cues such as gesture, intonation, eye contact, etc are not available. In their stead I demonstrate the omnipresence of ideologies through the lens of the ‘ideal reader’ (Fairclough, 2001). The study thereby draws attention to the affordances of investigating ideologies when exploring identity and emphasises the need for a deeper reflection on the connections between language, identity, and ideology in the online context.

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News Borrowing Revisited: A 50-Year Perspective

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Increasing the Reproducibility and Replicability of Supervised AI/ML in the Earth Systems Science by Leveraging Social Science Methods

Increasing the Reproducibility and Replicability of Supervised AI/ML in the Earth Systems Science by Leveraging Social Science Methods

News coverage of human rights: Investigating determinants of media attention

Identity Construction Online: Identities and Ideologies in Reader Comments in Online News Fora

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