News in livestock research — use of Omics -technologies to study the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals

Deusch, Simon; Tilocca, Bruno; Camarinha‐Silva, Amélia; Seifert, Jana

doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2014.12.005

Cited by 103 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…Mucosa samples showed higher species diversity than digesta in all GIT sections. Most of the studies characterizing chicken microbiota have focused on digesta of the different GIT sections (Deusch et al, 2015; Waite and Taylor, 2015). The mucosa or mucous layer, which is mainly composed by mucins and glycan, help the colonization of some groups of microorganisms in the gut (Donaldson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets

et al. 2016

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Phytase supplementation in broiler diets is a common practice to improve phosphorus (P) availability and to reduce P loss by excretion. An enhanced P availability, and its concomitant supplementation with calcium (Ca), can affect the structure of the microbial community in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Here, we aim to distinguish the effects of mineral P, Ca, and phytase on the composition of microbial communities present in the content and the mucosa layer of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens.Significant differences were observed between digesta and mucosa samples for the GIT sections studied (p = 0.001). The analyses of 56 individual birds showed a high microbial composition variability within the replicates of the same diet. The average similarity within replicates of digesta and mucosa samples across all diets ranged from 29 to 82% in crop, 19–49% in ileum, and 17–39% in caeca. Broilers fed with a diet only supplemented with Ca had the lowest body weight gain and feed conversion values while diets supplemented with P showed the best performance results. An effect of each diet on crop mucosa samples was observed, however, similar results were not obtained from digesta samples. Microbial communities colonizing the ileum mucosa samples were affected by P supplementation. Caeca-derived samples showed the highest microbial diversity when compared to the other GIT sections and the most prominent phylotypes were related to genus Faecalibacterium and Pseudoflavonifractor, known for their influence on gut health and as butyrate producers. Lower microbial diversity in crop digesta was linked to lower growth performance of birds fed with a diet only supplemented with Ca. Each diet affected microbial communities within individual sections, however, no diet showed a comprehensive effect across all GIT sections, which can primarily be attributed to the great variability among replicates. The substantial community differences between digesta and mucosa derived samples indicate that both habitats have to be considered when the influence of diet on the gut microbiota, broiler growth performance, and animal health is investigated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets

et al. 2016

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“…Las cuatro cepas molecularmente identificadas Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Enterococcus hirae y Pediococcus pentosaceus, clasificadas dentro del orden Lactobacillales, las que también son denominadas bacterias ácido lácticas. Las bacterias benéficas aisladas de la misma especie productiva, debido a su alta especificidad para su hospedero, resultado en una mejora de la salud general y un mejor crecimiento de los animales, en cerdo mejora su rendimiento productivo (Lamendella et al, 2011;Deusch et al, 2015). En el presente estudio (tabla 2) se obtuvieron mejores resultados de ICA con los tratamientos que contenían el inóculo bacteriano, posiblemente debido a que este grupo bacteriano tiene influencia positiva sobre la digestibilidad de los alimentos, lo que conlleva a mejorar la conversión alimenticia (Guerra et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Feeding behavior of pre-weaned piglets dosed orally with bacteria of the digestive tract of the piglet

Sánchez¹,

Ochoa²,

Alfaro³

2017

SCIÉNDO

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Comportamiento alimenticio de lechones en predestete dosificados vía oral con inóculos bacterianos del tracto digestivo del lechónFeeding behavior of pre-weaned piglets dosed orally with bacteria of the digestive tract of the piglet RESUMENSe evaluó el efecto alimenticio de la administración oral de inóculos de bacterias ácido láctico (BAL) nativas, extraídos y aisladas del tracto digestivo de un lechón e 21 días de edad. Los inóculos evaluados fueron mezclas en proporciones iguales de Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus hirae y Pediococcus pentosaceus y dosificadas en concentraciones obtenidas mediante densidad óptica de 1,5x10 8 , 3x10 8 y 4,5x10 8 UFC/ml, fue administrado vía oral a 36 lechones de 14 días de edad y una semana antes del destete (nueve lechones por tratamiento). No hubo diferencias significativas en ganancia diaria de peso; sin embargo, el índice de conversión alimenticia fue mejor en los tres tratamientos con inoculo (p < 0,05), específicamente el tratamiento que contenía 3x10 8 UFC/ml. Se concluye que los inóculos bacterianos nativos aplicados vía oral tuvieron un efecto positivo en la conversión alimenticia en el predestete de lechones.Palabras clave: bacterias ácido lácticas; inóculo bacteriano; bacterias nativas; destete. ABSTRACTThe nutritional effect of oral administration of inoculums of native lactic acid bacteria (BAL), extracted and isolated from the digestive tract of a piglet and 21 days of age, was evaluated. The evaluated inoculums were mixtures of Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus hirae and Pediococcus pentosaceus in equal proportions and dosed at concentrations measured by optical density of 1,5x10 8 , 3x10 8 and 4,5x10 8 CFU / ml orally given to 36 piglet of 14 day and one week before weaning (nine piglets per treatment). There were no significant differences in daily weight gain; However, the feed conversion index was better in the three treatments with inoculum (p < 0.05), specifically the treatment containing 3x10 8 CFU / ml. It is concluded that native bacterial inoculums applied orally had a positive effect on feed conversion in the pre-weaned of piglets.

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“…Sekelja et al also reported that a clear separation of microbial composition was seen between the upper gut (crop and gizzard), ileum and lower gut (cecum and colon) in broiler chickens (Sekelja et al 2012). That these distinctions may be due to different nutrient requirements, is a critical factor for colonizing the commensal bacteria because each section has different nutrient factors (Deusch et al 2015). The crop flora may be affected mainly by the microbial composition in the feed because the crop temporarily stores feed before digestion and is related to the breakdown of starch, whereas the ileal flora may be affected mainly by the nutrient composition of the ingested feed because ileum has a role involving the nutritional absorption of digested feed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

0991 Relationship between the microbiota in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract, and the body weight of broiler chickens

Lee

Kong

2016

Journal of Animal Science

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In the poultry industry, many efforts have been undertaken to further improve the growth performance of broilers and identification and modulation of body weight (BW)-related bacteria could be one of the strategies to improve productivity. However, studies regarding the relationship between microbiota and BW are scarce. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between microbiota and BW in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). A total of twenty 18-day-old birds were selected based on the BW, and samples were collected from the three different sections of the GIT, which included the crop, ileum and cecum. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from the samples, and the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene were amplified. Amplicons were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq, and microbial communities were analyzed by using QIIME. In principal coordinate analysis, bacterial communities were clustered into three groups, based on the sections of GIT. Several BW-related bacterial groups were identified from linear regression analysis. At the genus level, Streptococcus from the ileum as well as Akkermansia in both ileum and cecum, were negatively related to BW, whereas Bifidobacterium in the ileum and Lactococcus in the cecum showed a positive correlation. The results from the present study showed that particular bacterial communities in the GIT were related to BW, and the study has broadened the understanding of the intestinal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens.

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News in livestock research — use of Omics -technologies to study the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals

Cited by 103 publications

References 90 publications

Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets

Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets

Feeding behavior of pre-weaned piglets dosed orally with bacteria of the digestive tract of the piglet

0991 Relationship between the microbiota in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract, and the body weight of broiler chickens

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