“…Stigma is a cross-cultural (Abdullah & Brown, 2011;Harré, 2001;Jorm & Griffiths, 2008;Mannarini et al, 2018) and cross-diagnostic phenomenon (Mannarini & Boffo, 2014a) that can reduce patients' employment opportunities, helpseeking behaviors (P. W. Corrigan & Watson, 2004;S. Jones et al, 2008;Knaak et al, 2017;Mannarini & Boffo, 2014b;Patel et al, 2018;Taccini & Mannarini, 2024), and self-efficacy (P. W. Corrigan et al, 2010;Pescosolido et al, 2007).…”