Newton’s Third Law in the Framework of Special Relativity for Charged Bodies Part 2: Preliminary Analysis of a Nano Relativistic Motor

Abstract

(1) Background: In a recent paper discussing Newton’s third law in the framework of special relativity for charged bodies, it was suggested that one can construct a practical relativistic motor provided high enough charge and current densities are available. As on the macroscopic scale charge density is limited by the phenomena of dielectric breakdown, it was suggested to take advantage of the high charge densities which are available on the microscopic scale. (2) Methods: We use standard physical theories such as Maxwell electrodynamics and quantum mechanics, supplemented by tools from vector analysis and numerics. (3) Results: We show that a hydrogen atom either in the ground state or excited state will not produce a relativistic engine effect, but by breaking the symmetry or putting the electron in a wave packet state may produce relativistic motor effect. (4) Conclusions: A highly localized wave packet will produce a strong relativistic motor effect. The preliminary analysis of the current paper suggests new promising directions of research both theoretical and experimental.

Newton’s Third Law in the Framework of Special Relativity for Charged Bodies Part 3: Time Dependent Engines

“…Notice, however, that in the previous paper we only considered a relativistic engine reaching a stationary state while ignoring the possibility of engines which do not reach a stationary state as well as the transient stage of engines that do. The same criticism holds for a the second part of the same paper dealing with a relativistic engine on the atomic scale [23]. Here we make a more general analysis leading to a different kind of charged relativistic engine of a type that does not reach a stationary state.…”

“…From equation (20), equation (23) and equation (30) it follows that the total charge in the wire is null because the charge accumulated in one end is equal and opposite to the other end with a maximal value of Q 1 . The same goes of course in the case of wire 2.…”

MOND and Retarded Gravity

“…The perfect fit to the rotation curve and gravitational lensing is achieved with a single parameter and we do not adjust the mass to light ratio in order to obtain a better fit as is done by some other authors. Retardation effects beyond gravity, in particular with respect to electromagnetic theory were studied in [48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

The virial theorem for retarded gravity

“…however, since there is no simple relation between the velocity and acceleration of the particle j and k it follows that generally speaking F rk,j = − F rj,k and thus both the retardation force and the total gravitational force do not satisfy Newton's third law. This is well known in electromagnetism and discussed in a series of papers [21,22,23,24,25,26].…”