NEXAFS spectroscopy study of the surface properties of zinc glutarate and its reactivity with carbon dioxide and propylene oxide

Kim, J.-S.; Ree, M.; Lee, S.W.; Oh, Won Sup; Baek, So Young; Lee, B.; Shin, Tae Joo; Kim, K.J.; Kim, B.; Lüning, J.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9517(03)00122-2

Cited by 69 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This could be explained by the fact that (2‐naphthyloxy)methyl is a weaker electron donor compared with the methyl of PO, because the increasing electron‐donor character of the substituent at the oxirane ring can result in an enhanced reactivity of the oxirane in the copolymerization reaction 2. On the other hand, the NMO ring contains a bulky substituent that might be another cause due to the steric effect that is unfavorable for the NMO monomer to coordinate with metal in the active site, which is necessary for oxiranes prior to insertion into metal‐oxygen bond 19. Taking these factors into account, the NMO monomer is expected to be incorporated randomly into the PPC backbone, resulting in the terpolymers with superior thermal and mechanical characters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally stable poly(propylene carbonate) synthesized by copolymerizing with bulky naphthalene containing monomer

Gao

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), the terpolymers were synthesized from carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, and a third monomer, [(2-naphthyloxy)methyl]oxirane (NMO) using supported zinc glutarate as catalyst. The structure of these terpolymers was confirmed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic activity, molecular weight, carbonate unit content, as well as thermal and mechanical properties were investigated extensively. The experimental results showed that the catalytic activity, molecular weight, and carbonate unit content decreased with the incorporation of NMO. DSC measurements indicated that the introduction of NMO increased the glass transition temperature from 38 to 428C. TGA tests revealed that the thermal decomposition temperature (T g25% ) of the synthesized terpolymer increased significantly, being 348C higher than that of pure PPC. Accordingly, the mechanical properties proved also to be enhanced greatly as evidenced by tensile tests. These thermal and mechanical improvements are of importance for the practical process and application of PPC.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally stable poly(propylene carbonate) synthesized by copolymerizing with bulky naphthalene containing monomer

Gao

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For calibration at the C A'-edge, a solid-state absorption spectrum for glutaric acid (dicatboxylic acid) was measured. The C Is->''t'c=o transition has an energy of 288.6 eV (Kim et al, 2003). Carbon spectra processing requires a multistep normalization procedure, due to adventitious C within the beamline attenuating the photon flux and causing fluctuations across the C AT-edgc (Watts et al, 2006), which is accomplished using a double normalization technique.…”

Section: Materialsand Methods Study Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

XANES and Pyrolysis-FIMS Evidence of Organic Matter Composition in a Hummocky Landscape

Gillespie

Walley

Farrell

et al. 2011

Soil Science Society of America Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The quantity and quality of soil organic N and C are strongly influenced by variations in landscape position and management practices such as cultivation. In this study, we used synchrotron-based C and N AT-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy coupled with pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) to explore C and N chemistry among soils obtained from dilferent landscape positions along a hummocky transect and from locations under different management practices. A distinct landscape pattern in soil organic matter (SOM) functionality was observed, but only a small effect of management (cultivated vs. uncultivated) was detected. We observed that both carbohydrates and low-molecular-weight aromatics. which are usualiy considered readily degradable, were apparently stabilized in divergent (i.e.. water-shedding) slope positions, while lipids and high-molecular-weight lignins were enriched in depressional areas. We posit that tillage incorporation was probably responsible for the enrichment of older, microbially altered carbohydrates and lignins at divergent positions. Using novel application of nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination to XANES data, we observed more heterocydic N compounds in cultivated vs. uncultivated soils. The XANES data also showed the presence of unique, oxidized N-bonded aromatics, which predominated at calcareous divergent slope positions. These types of organic N compounds are rarely reported in the literature except for samples obtained in acidic or anaerobic environments. This study provides analytical evidence that C and N ^-edge XANES and Py-FIMS differentiate SOM composition at the molecular level from soils obtained from diverse topographic positions and management regimes in a hummocky prairie landscape. Results provide complementary evidence that SOM comprises more stabilized compounds at divergent slope positions and more active compounds at depressional positions.

show abstract

“…This species was easily prepared by reaction between zinc oxide and glutaric acid, although several other synthetic methods are also possible [30,32,115,116]. It can also be formed as either a crystalline or amorphous material, with the crystalline structures showing higher activity (~300 g PPC/g Zn) and producing polymers with high molecular weight [117].…”

Section: Early Discoveries and Heterogeneous Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coates and co-workers developed two-dimensional Co[Ni(CN) 4 ] catalysts which showed good productivity for PO copolymerisation (TON,~1,860 g PO/g Co, at 130 C and 54.4 atm CO 2 ), albeit with rather lower CO 2 incorporation [20]. There are very few reports concerning the possible mechanisms for the heterogeneous catalysts [26,30]. In 2011, Rieger and co-workers reported a study of four zinc dicarboxylate catalysts [25].…”

Section: Early Discoveries and Heterogeneous Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinuclear Metal Complex-Mediated Formation of CO2-Based Polycarbonates

Romain

Thevenon

Saini

et al. 2015

Topics in Organometallic Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review describes selected metal catalysts for the copolymerisation of epoxides and carbon dioxide to produce polycarbonates. It highlights kinetic and mechanistic studies which have implicated di-or (multi-) metallic pathways for this catalysis and the subsequent development of highly active and selective di-/(multi-) nuclear catalysts. The emphasis is on homogeneous di-/bimetallic catalysts.

show abstract

NEXAFS spectroscopy study of the surface properties of zinc glutarate and its reactivity with carbon dioxide and propylene oxide

Cited by 69 publications

References 34 publications

Thermally stable poly(propylene carbonate) synthesized by copolymerizing with bulky naphthalene containing monomer

Thermally stable poly(propylene carbonate) synthesized by copolymerizing with bulky naphthalene containing monomer

XANES and Pyrolysis-FIMS Evidence of Organic Matter Composition in a Hummocky Landscape

Dinuclear Metal Complex-Mediated Formation of CO2-Based Polycarbonates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About