Next generation agents (synthetic agents): Emerging threats and challenges in detection, protection, and decontamination

Sharma, Anshul; Gupta, Gaganjot; Ahmad, Tawseef; Krishan, Kewal; Kaur, Baljinder

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812026-2.00012-8

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…47 With the current state of the art of genomic sequencing, it is possible to demonstrate or detect whether an organism involved in such event has been genetically modified (GM) from its genetic sequence. [47][48][49][50] The creation of a GM organism (GMO) for example involves several steps, including, the selection of the gene/s to be edited, isolated, packaged (suitable vector such as viruses), and inserted into the host genome. 49 Other genetic elements, such as promoter and terminator, are added to select the marker gene.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[47][48][49][50] The creation of a GM organism (GMO) for example involves several steps, including, the selection of the gene/s to be edited, isolated, packaged (suitable vector such as viruses), and inserted into the host genome. 49 Other genetic elements, such as promoter and terminator, are added to select the marker gene. Possible identification of these elements may also confirm the genetic engineering technique used to modify a genome with and without the sequence information.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applied genomics for identification of virulent biothreats and for disease outbreak surveillance

Nwadiugwu

Monteiro

2022

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Fortifying our preparedness to cope with biological threats by identifying and targeting virulence factors may be a preventative strategy for curtailing infectious disease outbreak. Virulence factors evoke successful pathogenic invasion, and the science and technology of genomics offers a way of identifying them, their agents and evolutionary ancestor. Genomics offers the possibility of deciphering if the release of a pathogen was intentional or natural by observing sequence and annotated data of the causative agent, and evidence of genetic engineering such as cloned vectors at restriction sites. However, to leverage and maximise the application of genomics to strengthen global interception system for real-time biothreat diagnostics, a complete genomic library of pathogenic and non-pathogenic agents will create a robust reference assembly that can be used to screen, characterise, track and trace new and existing strains. Encouraging ethical research sequencing pathogens found in animals and the environment, as well as creating a global space for collaboration will lead to effective global regulation and biosurveillance.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied genomics for identification of virulent biothreats and for disease outbreak surveillance

Nwadiugwu

Monteiro

2022

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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“…Considering the rich biodiversity of wildlife, along with the large number of "missing viruses" and "missing zoonoses" that remain unidentified [85], close contacts with latent deadly pathogens are nearly impossible to control, which in turn, renders it challenging to locate or identify individual actors who might utilize them. Advances in synthetic biology may further compound the situation, especially considering the scholarly endeavors using pathogens in laboratory settings, which could amount to the level of real-world pandemics (eg, laboratory-cultured viruses such as smallpox [86][87][88]). The likelihood of Biodisaster X increases in proportion to these factors.…”

Section: Biodisaster X Vs Disease Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AI and machine learning techniques are particularly valuable in their ability to identify trends and patterns across large amounts of data promptly and cost-effectively; for example, in identifying or searching for specific patterns. With natural language processing, for instance, data can be extracted retrospectively from clinical records or prospectively in real time and statistically processed for insights, which, in turn, can supplement existing structured data to enrich actionable information [86]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, natural language processing models have been used to analyze publicly available information such as tweets, tweet timestamps, and geolocation data, to identify and map potential COVID-19 cases cost-effectively, without utilizing testing devices or other medical resources that involve health care professional [107].…”

Section: Unique Capabilities Of Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Biodisaster X Threats With Artificial Intelligence and 6G Technologies: Literature Review and Critical Insights

Su¹,

McDonnell²,

Bentley³

et al. 2021

J Med Internet Res

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Background With advances in science and technology, biotechnology is becoming more accessible to people of all demographics. These advances inevitably hold the promise to improve personal and population well-being and welfare substantially. It is paradoxical that while greater access to biotechnology on a population level has many advantages, it may also increase the likelihood and frequency of biodisasters due to accidental or malicious use. Similar to “Disease X” (describing unknown naturally emerging pathogenic diseases with a pandemic potential), we term this unknown risk from biotechnologies “Biodisaster X.” To date, no studies have examined the potential role of information technologies in preventing and mitigating Biodisaster X. Objective This study aimed to explore (1) what Biodisaster X might entail and (2) solutions that use artificial intelligence (AI) and emerging 6G technologies to help monitor and manage Biodisaster X threats. Methods A review of the literature on applying AI and 6G technologies for monitoring and managing biodisasters was conducted on PubMed, using articles published from database inception through to November 16, 2020. Results Our findings show that Biodisaster X has the potential to upend lives and livelihoods and destroy economies, essentially posing a looming risk for civilizations worldwide. To shed light on Biodisaster X threats, we detailed effective AI and 6G-enabled strategies, ranging from natural language processing to deep learning–based image analysis to address issues ranging from early Biodisaster X detection (eg, identification of suspicious behaviors), remote design and development of pharmaceuticals (eg, treatment development), and public health interventions (eg, reactive shelter-at-home mandate enforcement), as well as disaster recovery (eg, sentiment analysis of social media posts to shed light on the public’s feelings and readiness for recovery building). Conclusions Biodisaster X is a looming but avoidable catastrophe. Considering the potential human and economic consequences Biodisaster X could cause, actions that can effectively monitor and manage Biodisaster X threats must be taken promptly and proactively. Rather than solely depending on overstretched professional attention of health experts and government officials, it is perhaps more cost-effective and practical to deploy technology-based solutions to prevent and control Biodisaster X threats. This study discusses what Biodisaster X could entail and emphasizes the importance of monitoring and managing Biodisaster X threats by AI techniques and 6G technologies. Future studies could explore how the convergence of AI and 6G systems may further advance the preparedness for high-impact, less likely events beyond Biodisaster X.

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“…In 1995, they gave application and suggested the risk evaluation of microbial bioremediation agents (mainly Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44) on the environment and health (Sayler et al, 1999;Khan et al, 2016;Sharma J. K. et al, 2018;El Zanfaly, 2019). Most remarkable is that the literature survey points toward a biowar weapon for humanity (Gómez-Tatay and Hernández-Andreu, 2019; Wang and Zhang, 2019), stating that gene editing tools left in bad hands could mislead ethical and moral duties (Khan, 2019;Thakur et al, 2019;Sharma et al, 2020).…”

Section: Ecological Safety and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Strategies for Microbial Remediation of Pollutants via Synthetic Biology

2020

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Continuous contamination of the environment with xenobiotics and related recalcitrant compounds has emerged as a serious pollution threat. Bioremediation is the key to eliminating persistent contaminants from the environment. Traditional bioremediation processes show limitations, therefore it is necessary to discover new bioremediation technologies for better results. In this review we provide an outlook of alternative strategies for bioremediation via synthetic biology, including exploring the prerequisites for analysis of research data for developing synthetic biological models of microbial bioremediation. Moreover, cell coordination in synthetic microbial community, cell signaling, and quorum sensing as engineered for enhanced bioremediation strategies are described, along with promising gene editing tools for obtaining the host with target gene sequences responsible for the degradation of recalcitrant compounds. The synthetic genetic circuit and two-component regulatory system (TCRS)-based microbial biosensors for detection and bioremediation are also briefly explained. These developments are expected to increase the efficiency of bioremediation strategies for best results.

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Next generation agents (synthetic agents): Emerging threats and challenges in detection, protection, and decontamination

Cited by 11 publications

References 143 publications

Applied genomics for identification of virulent biothreats and for disease outbreak surveillance

Applied genomics for identification of virulent biothreats and for disease outbreak surveillance

Addressing Biodisaster X Threats With Artificial Intelligence and 6G Technologies: Literature Review and Critical Insights

Alternative Strategies for Microbial Remediation of Pollutants via Synthetic Biology

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