Next generation biological control – an introduction

Hesran, Sophie Le; Ras, Erica; Wajnberg, Éric; Beukeboom, Leo W.

doi:10.1111/eea.12805

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Most natural enemies currently used in augmentative biological control programs are selected based on differences between species (interspecific variation) to effectively control pests. Nevertheless, there is a growing interest in the exploitation of genetic differences in the traits of interest within species (intraspecific variation) of natural enemies [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. This approach was applied before in predatory insects, predatory mites, and parasitoids, with successful selection on traits such as pesticide resistance, increased fecundity, host preference, sex ratio, and improved climatic tolerance [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Financial, technical, and legal limitations were deemed as likely causes preventing the development of genetic improvement in biocontrol agents [ 25 , 28 ]. Therefore, the current efforts are focused on the generation of knowledge and optimization of procedures that was missing for arthropods, to promote artificial selection on biocontrol agents [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Variation in the Feeding Behavior of Isofemale Lines of Nesidiocoris tenuis

Chinchilla-Ramírez

Pérez‐Hedo

Pannebakker

2020

Insects

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Zoophytophagous predators provide biocontrol services in various major crops of modern horticulture due to the combination of its predatory capacity and the induction of plant defenses derived from its phytophagy. However, under certain conditions of prey scarcity, these natural enemies can inflict plant damage. Exploitation of genetic variation and subsequent selective breeding on foraging traits is a potential alternative to overcome this inconvenience. In this study, we quantified the genetic variation of phytophagy and zoophagy of Nesidiocoristenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), a zoophytophagous predator widely used in tomato crops to suppress key pests. We compared nine isofemale lines on their capacity to produce necrotic rings and wilting on tomato plants as a proxy for phytophagy, as well as their efficacy to prey on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs, as a proxy for zoophagy. Differences between isofemale lines in phytophagy and zoophagy indicated a genetic basis. Variation found in the zoophagy levels was larger than that in phytophagy levels. Our results showed that there is a genetic basis for the variation observed in the feeding behavior of isofemale lines of N.tenuis, highlighting the potential importance of selective breeding for such traits of biocontrol interest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation in the Feeding Behavior of Isofemale Lines of Nesidiocoris tenuis

Chinchilla-Ramírez

Pérez‐Hedo

Pannebakker

2020

Insects

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“…Indeed, to provide sustainable biological control in the local and regional habitat, understanding the landscape effect on population connectivity of biological enemies has essential input (Happe et al., 2019). In addition, in the context of pest suppression ecosystem service, population structure is relevant for preserving the genetic diversity of the biocontrol agents (Le Hesran et al., 2019), as well as for testing their tolerance to environmental variability (Liu, Xiaoqiang, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcode assessment and population structure of aphidophagous hoverfly Sphaerophoria scripta: Implications for conservation biological control

Gojković

Francuski

Ludoški

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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With the advent of integrated pest management, the conservation of indigenous populations of natural enemies of pest species has become a relevant practice, necessitating the accurate identification of beneficial species and the inspection of evolutionary mechanisms affecting the long‐time persistence of their populations. The long hoverfly, Sphaerophoria scripta, represents one of the most potent aphidophagous control agents due to a worldwide distribution and a favorable constellation of biological traits. Therefore, we assessed five European S. scripta populations by combining molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I‐ COI, internal transcribed spacer 2‐ ITS2, and allozyme loci) and morphological (wing size and shape) characters. COI sequences retrieved in this study were conjointly analyzed with BOLD/GenBank sequences of the other Sphaerophoria species to evaluate whether COI possessed a sufficient diagnostic value as a DNA barcode marker to consistently delimit allospecific individuals. Additionally, the aforementioned characters were used to inspect the population structure of S. scripta in Europe using methods based on individual‐ and population‐based genetic differences, as well as geometric morphometrics of wing traits. The results indicate numerous shared COI haplotypes among different Sphaerophoria species, thus disqualifying this marker from being an adequate barcoding region in this genus. Conversely, the analyses of population structuring revealed high population connectivity across Europe, therefore indicating strong tolerance of S. scripta to environmental heterogeneity. The results imply a multilocus approach as the next step in molecular identification of different Sphaerophoria species, while confirming the status of S. scripta as a powerful biocontrol agent of economically relevant aphid pests.

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“…Confirmation of the identity of the exotic BCA must be certified by a taxonomic specialist to reduce or eliminate the possibility of sibling or cryptic species (Le Hesran et al 2019). The specimens must be deposited in a curated permanent collection and the taxonomist must provide a certificate of identification with the method used to identify the species.…”

Section: Species Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating adverse effect analysis into environmental risk assessment for exotic generalist arthropod biological control agents: a three-tiered framework

et al. 2020

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Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) are required before utilizing exotic arthropods for biological control (BC). Present ERAs focus on exposure analysis (host/prey range) and have resulted in approval of many specialist exotic biological control agents (BCA). In comparison to specialists, generalist arthropod BCAs (GABCAs) have been considered inherently risky and less used in classical biological control. To safely consider exotic GAB-CAs, an ERA must include methods for the analysis of potential effects. A panel of 47 experts from 14 countries discussed, in six online forums over 12 months, scientific criteria for an ERA for exotic GABCAs. Using four case studies, a three-tiered ERA comprising Scoping, Screening and Definitive Assessments was developed. The ERA is primarily based on expert consultation, with decision processes in each tier that lead to the approval of the petition or the subsequent tier. In the Scoping Assessment, likelihood of establishment (for augmentative BC), and potential effect(s) are qualitatively assessed. If risks are identified, the Screening Assessment is conducted, in which 19 categories of effects (adverse and beneficial) are quantified. If a risk exceeds the proposed risk threshold in any of these categories, the analysis Débora. P. Paula and David A. Andow contributed equally to the study.

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Next generation biological control – an introduction

Abstract: XXX.

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Genetic Variation in the Feeding Behavior of Isofemale Lines of Nesidiocoris tenuis

Genetic Variation in the Feeding Behavior of Isofemale Lines of Nesidiocoris tenuis

DNA barcode assessment and population structure of aphidophagous hoverfly Sphaerophoria scripta: Implications for conservation biological control

Integrating adverse effect analysis into environmental risk assessment for exotic generalist arthropod biological control agents: a three-tiered framework

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