Next Generation Drying Technologies for Pharmaceutical Applications

Dry flowable formulations of antagonistic Bacillus subtilis strain T429 by spray drying to control rice blast disease

“…It has been considered as an important development direction of pesticide formulations. Spray drying has been commonly used in pharmaceutical industries, and dry flowable formulations could be synthesized by spray drying because of its lower cost and higher energy efficiency (John M surgant, 1990;Santivarangkna et al, 2007;Tamez-Guerra et al, 1999;Walters et al,2014).…”

A technique for drying and storing a protein as a soluble composite thin film on the surface of an ultrafiltration membrane

“…Direct evaporation of water from protein solution plays a relatively minor role in ultrafiltration-drying. Therefore, while lyophilization could be described as a heat and mass transfer based process [7] ultrafiltration-drying is a predominantly fluid flow based process. The water separated from the protein at the membrane surface is translocated through the membrane and eventually evaporated from a protein-free location, i.e.…”

“…While protein solutions have to be kept frozen during storage, dried protein could be stored in a refrigerator or even at room temperature. Drying reduces both mass and bulk of a protein product, and this contributes towards ease in handling, transportation and storage [7]. The two main drawbacks of protein drying are increase in cost when using conventional drying methods such as lyophilization [7], and the need for reconstitution prior to use, which can sometimes be challenging [1,3].…”

“…Lyophilization, which is widely used for drying biopharmaceutical proteins, consists of three distinct steps: freezing of protein solution; followed by dehydration of frozen solution by sublimation under vacuum; and finally secondary drying for more complete removal of water at a higher temperature, typically under vacuum [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. It is a long drawn out process with the freezing step taking several hours, the sublimation step taking several days, and secondary drying taking several hours.…”

Microwave as an emerging technology for the treatment of biohazardous waste: A mini-review

“…Among other technologies, microwaves also have potential to be utilized for drying biotherapeutic products as an alternative to commonly used freeze-drying (Walters et al, 2014). Regarding therapeutic products, microwave freeze-thaw treatment of injectable drugs can support the development of centralized intravenous admixtures services (Hecq et al, 2012).…”