Next-generation parallel-optical data links

Giboney, K.; Simon, J.; Mirkarimi, Laura; Law, B.; Flower, G.M.; Corzine, S.; Leary, Mal; Tandon, Ashish; Kocot, Chris; Rana, Santosh; Grot, Annette; Lee, Kun-Jing; Buckman, L.A.; Dolfi, David W.

doi:10.1109/leos.2001.969087

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The simulation starts with a continuous run of pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) 2 7 −1 on the always-on channel and burst-mode patterns on the burst-mode channels (also PRBS 2 7 −1). The circuit works well for PRBS 2 15 −1 sequence, however, the ''Off Detect'' block needs some modification for PRBS 2 31 −1 to accommodate 31 consecutive ''0s'' before it senses the offstate. To take into account the nonlinearity of the PR in the VOLUME 10, 2022 FIGURE 23.…”

Section: Locking Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast-Locking Burst-Mode Clock and Data Recovery for Parallel VCSEL-Based Optical Link Receivers

Abbas

Cowan

2022

IEEE Access

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A burst-mode clock-and-data-recovery (CDR) system for a multi-channel vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)-based non-return-to-zero (NRZ) optical link's quarter-rate receivers is presented, that utilizes proxy timing recovery for fast turn-on time. The proxy timing recovery scheme takes advantage of correlated data jitter over parallel optical lanes typically deployed in a data center. Rapid timing recovery of the burst-mode channel is enabled by incrementing/decrementing its phase rotator (PR) control code during idle periods using phase updates from an always-active channel in the link. This work also presents circuit-design techniques to reduce power dissipation during idle times while still enabling fast turnon time. Simulated in 65 nm CMOS technology, the proposed CDR consumes only 19.5 mW per channel while operating at 10 Gbps/ch and 0.58 mW during its idle-state. Simulation results are presented for the turn-on time with the proposed technique and compared against the turn-on time of a conventional receiver. The proposed technique allows the CDR to lock within 26 unit intervals (UIs) from when it is powered on irrespective of a 1000 ppm frequency offset between the incoming data and the CDR's reference clock. The complete CDR of each channel occupies an area of 0.045 mm 2 . The proposed scheme introduces only 1.3 % of area and 2.6 % of on-state power overhead while reducing idle-time power dissipation by 97 %.INDEX TERMS Burst-mode, clock and data recovery (CDR), energy efficiency, injection locked oscillator (ILO), optical link, power-proportional, transimpedance amplifier (TIA).

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Section: Locking Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To meet high aggregate throughput requirements in data centers, parallel links are widely used [14], [15]. Each parallel link has a near-identical channel and transceiver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-Locking Burst-Mode Clock and Data Recovery for Parallel VCSEL-Based Optical Link Receivers

Abbas

Cowan

2022

IEEE Access

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“…Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating at a wavelength of 1.55ptm are new and potentially important light sources for optical access applications, such as central-office interconnects, parallel-optical data links or metro-feeders, where they could allow for the low-cost deployment of short reach links [1,2]. At this wavelength standard-single-mode fibers have minimum attenuation and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) can be used for optical amplification.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-speed optical characterization of intensity and phase dynamics of a 1.55 /spl mu/m VCSEL for short-reach applications

Fidler

Ćerimović

Dorrer³

2006

2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference

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Using sonograms and phase retrieval we experimentally investigate the pattern dependence of the amplitude and phase dynamics, the linewidth enhancement factor, and the chirp of a data-modulated 1.55ptm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). OCIS codes: (250.7260) Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; (120.5050) Phase measurement 1 IntroductionVertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating at a wavelength of 1.55ptm are new and potentially important light sources for optical access applications, such as central-office interconnects, parallel-optical data links or metro-feeders, where they could allow for the low-cost deployment of short reach links [1,2]. At this wavelength standard-single-mode fibers have minimum attenuation and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) can be used for optical amplification. Due to the lasers' low threshold current and power consumption they are also potential transmitter sources for innovative technologies like integrated optical interconnects on electrical circuit boards, enabling enhanced data rates in backplanes, computers, or server systems [3]. For all these applications it is important to temporally resolve the output of the VCSEL to identify optimal driving conditions and to predict and mitigate degradation from optical fiber transmission impairments. In this paper we report on the measurement of the intensity and phase dynamics of a directly data-modulated 1.55ptm-VCSEL and their pattern dependence using sonograms and phase retrieval. We also calculate the linewidth enhancement factor oc and the frequency chirp for different driving conditions and modulation patterns. In contrast to earlier measurements [4], which only quantify the chirp-parameter for sinusoidal modulation at certain output powers, the results presented here perfectly describe the behaviour of the VCSEL under typical operating conditions. The linear approximation of the chirp parameter as a small-signal parameter depends highly on the driving conditions of the laser, thus our complete dynamic characterization leads to a better understanding of the properties of the device.2Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)We used a commercially available, pigtailed, uncooled VCSEL with buried tunnel junction (Vertilas) at the wavelength of 1.55ptm, rated for 2.5Gb/s modulation but driven at a data rate of 1OGb/s. As shown in the inset of Fig. la, the coaxial packaged VCSEL was mounted at the end of a 50 Q microstrip line, in series with a 12 Q surface mount chip resistor. Such careful laser mounting significantly improved the VCSEL's modulation response at low frequencies (< 5GHz). However, the mounting had no impact on the high-frequency behaviour. Fig. lb presents the small-signal modulation characteristic at 25°C. The insets give back-to-back eye diagrams at data rates of 2.5Gb/s and 1OGb/s. The DC-characteristics are given in Fig. la, revealing a low threshold current of IthO0.9mA, a maximum laser output power around 0.8mW, and a slope efficiency of 0.135mW/mA. The linewidth of the VC...

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Progress in VCSEL-Based Parallel Links

Kuchta

2012

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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Next-generation parallel-optical data links

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Fast-Locking Burst-Mode Clock and Data Recovery for Parallel VCSEL-Based Optical Link Receivers

Fast-Locking Burst-Mode Clock and Data Recovery for Parallel VCSEL-Based Optical Link Receivers

High-speed optical characterization of intensity and phase dynamics of a 1.55 /spl mu/m VCSEL for short-reach applications

Progress in VCSEL-Based Parallel Links

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