Next Level of Testing - Extended Frontloading  through Latency-optimized EiL Test Benches

Guse, Daniel; Andert, Jakob; Walter, Stefan; Meyer, Norbert

doi:10.1007/s38313-020-0278-7

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although the topic of emission calibration is discussed for early RDE calibration [11,19,20] in conventional vehicles, the increased complexity of the powertrain motivates its application in hybrid powertrains [21][22][23]. In [24], the focus on virtual drivability calibration on an EiL test bench is discussed. High correlation is shown for the detailed simulation models for drivability and transmission with low deviations in emissions compared with chassis dynamometer tests.…”

Section: State-of-the-art-novel Methods For Vehicle Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Density-Based Clustering for the Analysis of Emission Events in Real Driving Emissions Calibration

Krysmon,

Pischinger,

Claßen

et al. 2024

Future Transportation

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Further reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from road vehicles is a major task for the automotive industry. Stricter regulations regarding emissions and fleet fuel consumption require the continuous development of new powertrains and methods. In particular, the combination of hybrid powertrains on the technical side and the focus on real driving emissions (RDE) on the legislative side pose significant challenges to the vehicle calibration process. Against this background, new test methods and environments are being investigated to counteract the high number of interactions between hybrid drive systems and quasi-infinite test conditions due to RDE. Complementary to new test environments, innovative methods for data analysis are needed that allow the exploitation of the complete potential of measurement data. The application of such a method in the field of emission calibration is presented in this paper. For this purpose, a clustering method (HDBSCAN) is applied to critical sequences from emission tests. Within this presentation, the clustering process is based on a single signal only. This paper shows how signals of various characteristics can be processed with dynamic time warping and generically structured with the clustering method used. Here, 959 single events are automatically categorized into 24 clusters. This provides a new basis for system evaluation, enabling the automatic identification, categorization, and prioritization of calibration weaknesses. Using twelve signals of different characteristics, the generic usability of the clustering method is demonstrated.

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Section: State-of-the-art-novel Methods For Vehicle Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Density-Based Clustering for the Analysis of Emission Events in Real Driving Emissions Calibration

Krysmon,

Pischinger,

Claßen

et al. 2024

Future Transportation

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“…These requirements are combined in an approach of statistically supported RDE cycle generation [65]. With measurement data being collected from all available sources (Figure 8 "Measurement Data"), such as on-road robustness recordings or PEMS measurements, chassis dynamometer and X-in-the-Loop test benches as described in [85,95,96,[98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107], the methodology is highly flexible towards the consideration of additional new pollutants. Furthermore, specifications of exhaust gas components that require a highly sophisticated measurement equipment can easily be evaluated using the laboratory measurement equipment.…”

Section: Implementation Of Solutions and Presentation Of A Suitable R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Driving Emission Calibration—Review of Current Validation Methods against the Background of Future Emission Legislation

et al. 2021

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Reducing air pollution caused by emissions from road traffic, especially in urban areas, is an important goal of legislators and the automotive industry. The introduction of so-called “Real Driving Emission” (RDE) tests for the homologation of vehicles with internal combustion engines according to the EU6d legislation was a fundamental milestone for vehicle and powertrain development. Due to the introduction of non-reproducible on-road emission tests with “Portable Emission Measurement Systems” (PEMS) in addition to the standardized emission tests on chassis dynamometers, emission aftertreatment development and validation has become significantly more complex. For explicit proof of compliance with the emission and fuel consumption regulations, the legislators continue to require the “Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicle Test Cycle” (WLTC) on a chassis dynamometer. For calibration purposes, also various RDE profiles are conducted on the chassis dynamometer. However, the combination of precisely defined driving profiles on the chassis dynamometer and the dynamics-limiting boundary conditions in PEMS tests on the road still lead to discrepancies between the certified test results and the real vehicle behavior. The expected future emissions standards to replace EU6d will therefore force even more realistic RDE tests. This is to be achieved by significantly extending the permissible RDE test boundary conditions, such as giving more weight to the urban section of an RDE test. In addition, the introduction of limit values for previously unregulated pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3) and formaldehyde (CH2O) is being considered. Furthermore, the particle number (for diameters of solid particles > 10 nm: PN10), the methane (CH4) emissions and emissions of non-methane organic gases (NMOG) shall be limited and must be tested. To simplify the test procedure in the long term, the abandonment of predefined chassis dyno emission tests to determine the pollutant emission behavior is under discussion. Against this background, current testing, validation, and development methods are reviewed in this paper. New challenges and necessary adaptations of current approaches are discussed and presented to illustrate the need to consider future regulatory requirements in today’s approaches. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions for a robust RDE validation procedure are formulated.

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“…Due to customer demands for more embedded technology, safety components, strict CO

emission regulations, and complex powertrain projects, modern vehicles require an extensive test–validation phase to meet all of the requirements, quality, and expectations [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Thus, manufacturers have been using equipment and technologies (i.e., expensive testing ECUs and special data acquisition hardware and/or software) that are usually provided by global companies, such as ETAS, Vector, and Bosch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce the development and testing costs of automotive vehicles, many different strategies have been proposed, such as hardware-in-the-loop (HiL), engine-in-the-loop (EiL), and, more recently, X-in-the-loop (XiL) [ 8 , 9 ]. Despite that, on-road testing and validation cannot be replaced because they are important to ensure the entire vehicle’s operation, calibration, safety, and efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Data Acquisition System for Automotive Electronic Control Units

Bedretchuk

Garcia

Igarashi

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The vehicle testing–validation phase is a crucial and demanding task in the automotive development process for vehicle manufacturers. It ensures the correct operation, safety, and efficiency of the vehicle. To meet this demand, some commercial solutions are available on the market, but they are usually expensive, have few connectivity options, and are PC-dependent. This paper presents an IoT-based intelligent low-cost system for vehicle data acquisition during on-road tests as an alternative solution. The system integrates low-cost acquisition hardware with an IoT server, collecting and transmitting data in near real-time, while artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms process the information and report errors and/or failures to the manufacturing engineers. The proposed solution was compared with other commercial systems in terms of features, performance, and cost. The results indicate that the proposed system delivers similar performance in terms of the data acquisition rate, but at a lower cost (up to 13 times cheaper) and with more advanced features, such as near real-time intelligent data processing and reduced time to find and correct errors or failures in the vehicle.

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Next Level of Testing - Extended Frontloading through Latency-optimized EiL Test Benches

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Applying Density-Based Clustering for the Analysis of Emission Events in Real Driving Emissions Calibration

Applying Density-Based Clustering for the Analysis of Emission Events in Real Driving Emissions Calibration

Real Driving Emission Calibration—Review of Current Validation Methods against the Background of Future Emission Legislation

Low-Cost Data Acquisition System for Automotive Electronic Control Units

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