A large set of cross sections for semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions (π ± ) from both proton and deuteron targets was measured. The data are in the deep-inelastic scattering region with invariant mass squared W 2 > 4 GeV 2 (up to ≈ 7 GeV 2 ) and range in four-momentum transfer squared 2 < Q 2 < 4 (GeV/c) 2 , and cover a range in the Bjorken scaling variable 0.2 < x < 0.6. The fractional energy of the pions spans a range 0.3 < z < 1, with small transverse momenta with respect to the virtual-photon direction, P 2 t < 0.2 (GeV/c) 2 . The invariant mass that goes undetected, Mx or W ′ , is in the nucleon resonance region, W ′ < 2 GeV. The new data conclusively show the onset of quark-hadron duality in this process, and the relation of this phenomenon to the high-energy factorization ansatz of electron-quark scattering and subsequent quark → pion production mechanisms. The x, z and P 2 t dependences of several ratios (the ratios of favored-unfavored fragmentation functions, charged pion ratios, deuteron-hydrogen and aluminum-deuteron ratios for π + and π − ) have been studied. The ratios are found to be in good agreement with expectations based upon a high-energy quark-parton model description. We find the azimuthal dependences to be small, as compared to exclusive pion electroproduction, and consistent with theoretical expectations based on tree-level factorization in terms of transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions. In the context of a simple model, the initial transverse momenta of d quarks are found to be slightly smaller than for u quarks, while the transverse momentum width of the favored fragmentation function is about the same as for the unfavored one, and both fragmentation widths are larger than the quark widths.