NF kappa B inhibitors and antitrypanosomal metabolites from endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. isolated from Limonium tubiflorum

Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of endophytes from Scapania verrucosa Heeg.

“…Since a paclitaxel (Taxol)-producing endophytic fungal strain was isolated from Taxomyces andreanae (Stierle et al, 1993), a great deal of attention has been focused on endophytic fungi, which can produce active constituents similar to those produced by the host (Yin and Sun, 2011) or other functional metabolites with potential antitumor, antiinflammation, antioxidation, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antipesticide properties (Aly et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011). Notably, the endophytes from unique habitats in special environments have attracted the most attention (Tan and Zou, 2001).…”

Inhibition of Nitric Oxide and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Production in Peritoneal Macrophages by <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> Melanin

“…18) Among these, fungi represent an economically significant source of bioactive compounds because they are capable of producing high yields of substances with greatly diverse chemical structures, which exhibit a wide range of activi-ties. [19][20][21][22][23] However, only a small fraction of the estimated fungal biodiversity has been investigated for these compounds and there is great possibility to discover species that produce new bioactive metabolites. 22,23) The pigment melanin is found in organisms from all phylogenetic kingdoms, including fungi, and melanin exhibits thermoregulatory, photoprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities.…”

“…[19][20][21][22][23] However, only a small fraction of the estimated fungal biodiversity has been investigated for these compounds and there is great possibility to discover species that produce new bioactive metabolites. 22,23) The pigment melanin is found in organisms from all phylogenetic kingdoms, including fungi, and melanin exhibits thermoregulatory, photoprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. 24,25) This pigment, formed by oxidative polymerization of phenolic or indolic compounds, is not essential for fungal growth or development but has been reported to act as 'fungal armour' because of its ability to protect the microorganisms from harmful environmental conditions such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, extreme temperatures, hydrolytic enzymes, heavy metal toxicity, and antimicrobial drugs.…”

A rule to distinguish diastereomeric bianthrones by 1H NMR

“…1,8 The specic optical rotation ([a] D ) has once been used to identify them, but the possible impurity for mesomers or 1 : 1 ratio for enantiomers are neglected. 2,4,8 Additionally, the epimerization and photooxidation under acidic conditions preclude hydrolyses and derivations by some chemical methods. 6,16 Thus, the congurations for most of the substituted bianthrones have been assigned almost in chaos so far due to the meso, racemic, and axisrotating phenomena, which may restrict the application and development of these molecules to some extent.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] They are also regarded as important intermediates in the biosyntheses of photosensory pigments with ingestion-deterrent, antiviral, and sedative properties, and some have been obtained as intermediates in the chemical syntheses of these pigments. 11,12 Additionally, the photochromic derivatives with a double bond between C-10 and C-10 0 have attracted much attention for molecular electronics, and they may be taken as potential structural elements in supramolecular assemblages due to the conductance-switching property.…”