NH4-doped anodic WO3 prepared through anodization and subsequent NH4OH treatment for water splitting

Choi, Young‐Ae; Kim, Sunkyu; Seong, Mijeong; Yoo, Hyeong Seon; Choi, Jinsub

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.10.059

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Nanoporous WO 3 photoanodes were produced from anodization of high-purity W foils via potentiostatic [ 20 , 51 ] or pulsed methods [ 21 ]. The applied potential varied from 40 to 50 V, and the anodization time varied from 30 min to 20 h. Different electrolytes were employed: glycerol + NH 4 F aqueous solution [ 20 ]; (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + NH 4 F solution [ 21 ]; H 2 SO 4 + NaF solution [ 51 , 69 ]; K 2 HPO 4 /glycerin-based solutions [ 70 , 71 ]. Annealing for oxide crystallization was performed at 400–500 °C for 2–3 h [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: General Aspects Of Anodic Oxide Synthesis For Energy Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the desired properties of the resulting material, surface modification steps are needed, such as the deposition of nanoparticles [ 25 , 29 , 55 , 81 ], additional layers [ 23 , 82 , 83 ], or even the functionalization of the oxide surface [ 51 , 70 ]. The approaches adopted will be described in the next sections, according to the material’s application and required properties.…”

Section: General Aspects Of Anodic Oxide Synthesis For Energy Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Anodic Oxides in Practical and Sustainable Devices for Energy Conversion and Storage

et al. 2021

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This review addresses the main contributions of anodic oxide films synthesized and designed to overcome the current limitations of practical applications in energy conversion and storage devices. We present some strategies adopted to improve the efficiency, stability, and overall performance of these sustainable technologies operating via photo, photoelectrochemical, and electrochemical processes. The facile and scalable synthesis with strict control of the properties combined with the low-cost, high surface area, chemical stability, and unidirectional orientation of these nanostructures make the anodized oxides attractive for these applications. Assuming different functionalities, TiO2-NT is the widely explored anodic oxide in dye-sensitized solar cells, PEC water-splitting systems, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and batteries. However, other nanostructured anodic films based on WO3, CuxO, ZnO, NiO, SnO, Fe2O3, ZrO2, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5 are also explored and act as the respective active layers in several devices. The use of AAO as a structural material to guide the synthesis is also reported. Although in the development stage, the proof-of-concept of these devices demonstrates the feasibility of using the anodic oxide as a component and opens up new perspectives for the industrial and commercial utilization of these technologies.

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Section: General Aspects Of Anodic Oxide Synthesis For Energy Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Aspects Of Anodic Oxide Synthesis For Energy Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Anodic Oxides in Practical and Sustainable Devices for Energy Conversion and Storage

et al. 2021

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“…Another efficient way to extend the photoresponse of anodized 1D semiconductors is non-metal element doping, most of which are mainly centered on carbon [120], nitrogen [121], sulfur [122], and phosphorus doping [123], which result in remarkably enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performances. For example, tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) prepared by anodization of W foil was doped with N via NH 4 OH treatment at high temperature (450°C) [124]. Incorporation of N into WO 3 reduces the bandgap from 2.9 to 2.2 eV, thereby lowering the onset potential and increasing the photocurrent density at fixed potential for oxygen evolution reaction under visible light illumination.…”

Section: Non-metal Element Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically anodized one-dimensional semiconductors: a fruitful platform for solar energy conversion

et al. 2019

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One-dimensional (1D) semiconductors have garnered considerable attention in solar energy harvesting and conversion since they possess a long axis to absorb incident light yet a short radial distance for fast separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Among the diverse 1D semiconductors, metal oxides arrays prepared by electrochemical anodization technique demonstrate unique structure merits for efficient charge separation and transfer; nevertheless, thus far, recent process on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photocatalytic applications of electrochemically anodized 1D semiconductors has not yet been elucidated. In this review, basic principle, classification, and developments of electrochemical anodization technique were systematically introduced. Great attention was paid to summarize the predominant 1D metal oxides arrays fabricated by anodization approach and their wide-spread photocatalytic and PEC applications. Moreover, modification strategies used for boosting the photocatalytic and PEC performances of 1D anodized metal oxides nanostructures were further comprehensively elucidated. Finally, future perspectives and challenges in triggering the future innovative ideas on fabricating a large variety of promising anodized semiconductor-based nanomaterials are envisaged. It is anticipated that our review could provide enriched information on the rational design and construction of electrochemically anodized 1D semiconductors for solar energy conversion.

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“…Many liquid and vapor phase synthesis methods have been used to synthesize WO 3 [45]. Nevertheless, for the electrodeposition of nanostructured WO 3 films, more than one method can be adopted: electroplating from a precursor solution [46,47], anodic oxidation from a metal layer [47][48][49], and electrodeposition from a WO 3 nanoparticles dispersion [50,51]. A list of the latest reports is presented in Table 2.…”

Section: Wo 3 Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of WO3 Nanoparticles for Sensing Applications

Santos¹,

Neto²,

Crespo³

et al. 2015

Electroplating of Nanostructures

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The motivation of using metal oxides is mainly due to its charge storage capabilities, and electrocatalytic, electrochromic and photoelectrochemical properties. But comparing with bulk, nanostructured materials present several advantages related with the spatial confinement, large fraction of surface atoms, high surface energy, strong surface adsorption and increased surface to volume ratio, which greatly improves the performances of these materials. The deposition of this materials can be accomplished by a variety of physical and chemical techniques but nowadays, electrodeposited metal oxides are generally used in both laboratories and industries due to the flexibility to control structure and morphology of the oxide electrodes combined with a reduced cost. Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is a well-studied semiconductor and is used for several applications as chromogenic material, sensor and catalyst. The major important features is its low cost and availability, improved stability, easy morphologic and structural control of the nanostructures, reversible change of conductivity, high sensitivity, selectivity and biocompatibility. For the electrodeposition of WO 3 , more than one method can be adopted: electrodeposition from a precursor solution, anodic oxidation, and electrodeposition of already produced nanoparticles; however, in this case the mechanism of the electrodeposition is not fully understood. In this chapter, a review of the latest published work of electrodeposited nanostructured metal oxides is provided to the reader, with a more detailed explanation of WO 3 material applied in sensing devices.

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NH4-doped anodic WO3 prepared through anodization and subsequent NH4OH treatment for water splitting

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

The Use of Anodic Oxides in Practical and Sustainable Devices for Energy Conversion and Storage

The Use of Anodic Oxides in Practical and Sustainable Devices for Energy Conversion and Storage

Electrochemically anodized one-dimensional semiconductors: a fruitful platform for solar energy conversion

Electrodeposition of WO3 Nanoparticles for Sensing Applications

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