Ni Based Powder Reconditioning and Reuse for LMD Process

Renderos, Mario; Girot, F.; Lamíkiz, Aitzol; Torregaray, A.; Saintier, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.079

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…& Taking into account the small size of powder particles in both laser-based AM processes, i.e. 10-20 μm in LPBF and 50-150 μm in DLD, health and safety issues have to be considered, too, when handling metallic powders [91]. Table 1 provides a summary of the advantages and limitations that have been reported for the LPBF and DLD technologies.…”

Section: Limitations Of Powder-based Laser Additive Manufacturing Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder-based laser hybrid additive manufacturing of metals: a review

Jiménez

Bidare

Hassanin

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) have attracted significant industrial interest. Initially, AM was mainly associated with the fabrication of prototypes, but the AM advances together with the broadening range of available materials, especially for producing metallic parts, have broaden the application areas and now the technology can be used for manufacturing functional parts, too. Especially, the AM technologies enable the creation of complex and topologically optimised geometries with internal cavities that were impossible to produce with traditional manufacturing processes. However, the tight geometrical tolerances along with the strict surface integrity requirements in aerospace, biomedical and automotive industries are not achievable in most cases with standalone AM technologies. Therefore, AM parts need extensive post-processing to ensure that their surface and dimensional requirements together with their respective mechanical properties are met. In this context, it is not surprising that the integration of AM with post-processing technologies into single and multi set-up processing solutions, commonly referred to as hybrid AM, has emerged as a very attractive proposition for industry while attracting a significant R&D interest. This paper reviews the current research and technology advances associated with the hybrid AM solutions. The special focus is on hybrid AM solutions that combine the capabilities of laser-based AM for processing powders with the necessary post-process technologies for producing metal parts with required accuracy, surface integrity and material properties. Commercially available hybrid AM systems that integrate laser-based AM with post-processing technologies are also reviewed together with their key application areas. Finally, the main challenges and open issues in broadening the industrial use of hybrid AM solutions are discussed.

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Section: Limitations Of Powder-based Laser Additive Manufacturing Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder-based laser hybrid additive manufacturing of metals: a review

Jiménez

Bidare

Hassanin

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…Beyond this value, the breaking strain was found to decrease sharply. In the study, the authors applied a magnetic separation and a mechanical sieving process to rebuild the particle size distribution [135].…”

Section: Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

Arrizubieta

Ukar

Ostolaza

et al. 2020

Metals

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Additive Manufacturing, AM, is considered to be environmentally friendly when compared to conventional manufacturing processes. Most researchers focus on resource consumption when performing the corresponding Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, of AM. To that end, the sustainability of AM is compared to processes like milling. Nevertheless, factors such as resource use, pollution, and the effects of AM on human health and society should be also taken into account before determining its environmental impact. In addition, in powder-based AM, handling the powder becomes an issue to be addressed, considering both the operator´s health and the subsequent management of the powder used. In view of these requirements, the fundamentals of the different powder-based AM processes were studied and special attention paid to the health risks derived from the high concentrations of certain chemical compounds existing in the typically employed materials. A review of previous work related to the environmental impact of AM is presented, highlighting the gaps found and the areas where deeper research is required. Finally, the implications of the reuse of metallic powder and the procedures to be followed for the disposal of waste are studied.2 of 25 sold in 2016 was 983, whereas, in the year 2017 this value rose to 1768 units, which implies an 80% increase [1].As far as economy and sustainability are concerned, AM offers several advantages over conventional manufacturing techniques, which confers many potential applications to AM in diverse industrial sectors, such as automotive, aerospace, biomedical, energy, and consumer goods [4]. In the aerospace industry, for example, AM enables aerospace motorists to create blades with much more complex internal cooling channels, allowing engines to run at higher temperatures and thus increase their performance [5]. In the report presented by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, it is stated that in aerospace engines titanium parts are machined down to size from large initial blocks, which leads to more than 90% waste material, material waste that could be reduced by using AM [6]. The European Commission in the Digital Transformation Monitor of 2017 presented similar numbers, where the disruptive nature of 3D printing was studied. It was estimated that by 2050, AM could save up to 90% of the raw material needed for manufacturing [3].Nonetheless, the possibilities of AM are not only limited to a reduction of raw material usage. The possibility of manufacturing lighter components could lead to energy savings, estimated between 5% and 25% by 2050, as well as a reduction in manufacturing costs of around 4-21% for the same period [7]. This trend is applicable to different industrial sectors. For example, SmarTech expects the overall market for AM in automotive to reach 5.3 billion USD in revenues by 2023 and to achieve 12.4 billion USD by 2028 [8].The lack of European and international standardization related to AM is proving to be an impediment to the...

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“…Figure 2(a) to (c) shows single-layers of MMCs with the thickness of 30 μm, having (a) large ceramic particles, (b) ununiformly and (c) uniformly dispersed small ceramic particles, processed by the LDED. For laser beam melting, metallic powders having particle-size ranging from about 15 μm to 150 μm are generally used 13 . Basically, coarse powder with size of about 100 μm to 150 μm is used in powder fed techniques, whereas fine powder with size of about 10 μm to 45 μm is used in powder bed techniques.…”

Section: Multi-beam Laser Directed Energy Deposition (Multi-beam Ldedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Laser-Beam Defocus on Microstructural Features of Compositionally Graded WC/Co-Alloy Composites Additively Manufactured by Multi-Beam Laser Directed Energy Deposition

Kunimine

Miyazaki

Yamashita

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Establishing processing routes for obtaining metal-matrix composites (MMCs) with uniformly-dispersed reinforcements is one of the main subjects in additively manufactured composite materials to achieve designed microstructures and mechanical properties. Here we report on the microstructural features of compositionally graded WC/Co-alloy composites additively manufactured by multi-beam laser directed energy deposition (multi-beam LDED). For tailoring microstructures of compositionally graded WC/ Co-alloy composites with uniformly-dispersed reinforcements, the combinational method: the laserbeam defocus function in the multi-beam LDED system and granulated powder was attempted. By laser defocusing in the multi-beam LDED system, composites with uniformly-dispersed WC particles in Co alloy matrix was successfully obtained due to melting of Co bond in WC-12 wt.%Co granulated particles. It was found that the laser defocusing of multi-beam lasers affects temperature increase of flying powder during the laser focusing area, resulting in change of processing mode from melt-pool mode to thermal spray mode. The preferable property gradients in the WC/Co-alloy composites could be obtained by controlling the feeding rate of the powders and laser-beam defocus. These experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the laser-beam-defocus function in the multi-beam LDED system as a key factor for tailoring microstructures of additively-manufactured functionally graded MMCs with uniformly-dispersed reinforcements.

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Ni Based Powder Reconditioning and Reuse for LMD Process

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Powder-based laser hybrid additive manufacturing of metals: a review

Powder-based laser hybrid additive manufacturing of metals: a review

Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

Effects of Laser-Beam Defocus on Microstructural Features of Compositionally Graded WC/Co-Alloy Composites Additively Manufactured by Multi-Beam Laser Directed Energy Deposition

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