“…5,7,[13][14][15] However, the development of catalysts with excellent performance for OER under acidic conditions is a major challenge, as catalysts based on noble metals, such as Ir/Ru-based alloys or oxides, are currently the most effective. 1,2,[16][17][18] However, the scarcity and high cost of these precious materials limit their widespread application, making it crucial to develop OER materials that can improve the water splitting efficiency in harsh acidic environments while maintaining the durability, activity, and affordability. 5,[19][20][21] Cobalt, an abundant earth-based metal with high activity, has recently emerged as a potential catalyst for OER.…”