Ni-nanoclusters hybridized 1T–Mn–VTe2 mesoporous nanosheets for ultra-low potential water splitting

A hybrid trimetallic–organic framework-derived N, C co-doped Ni–Fe–Mn–P ultrathin nanosheet electrocatalyst for proficient overall water-splitting

“…The three doublet peaks at ((641.3 and 652.6), (643.1 and 654.0), and (646.0 and 655.4)) eV are indexed to 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 of the +2, +3, and +4 states of Mn, respectively. 29 Fig. 2F shows that the high-resolution P 2p spectrum displays peaks located at (129.4 and 130.2) eV that correspond to the 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 of phosphide, respectively.…”

“…Then, the polarization curves were recorded at a lower scan rate of 2 mV s À1 to suppress the redox peak of Ni foam. The measured potentials were converted against RHE according to the Nernst equation 29,30 All the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves were iR-corrected using the equation E corr ¼ E RHE À iR s , 29,31,32 where R s and E corr are the solution resistance and iR-corrected potential, respectively. The Tafel slopes were calculated from the corresponding polarization curves following the equation h ¼ b log j + a, 29 where h, j, and b are the overpotential, current density, and Tafel slope, respectively.…”

“…The measured potentials were converted against RHE according to the Nernst equation 29,30 All the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves were iR-corrected using the equation E corr ¼ E RHE À iR s , 29,31,32 where R s and E corr are the solution resistance and iR-corrected potential, respectively. The Tafel slopes were calculated from the corresponding polarization curves following the equation h ¼ b log j + a, 29 where h, j, and b are the overpotential, current density, and Tafel slope, respectively. Similarly, the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the electrocatalysts, a basic measure of catalytic activity, was estimated using the equation ECSA ¼ C dl /C s , 31 where C dl and C s are the electrochemical double layer capacitance and specic capacitance of a at smooth surface, respectively.…”

“…Similarly, the deconvoluted peaks at (851.3 and 869.1) eV are attributed to the 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 of the Ni 2+ state, while their corresponding satellite-1 and satellite-2 peaks at binding energies of (862.5 and 875.4) eV, respectively, are also observed. 29 Fig. 2D shows that the high-resolution XPS (HR-XPS) spectrum of Fe 2p has four deconvoluted peaks: two for each Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ion.…”

“…Based on that the Volmer-Heyrovsky HER mechanism over Ni-Fe-Mn-P/NC@NF and for other respective materials has been conrmed by specifying the Tafel slope values as shown in Table S2, ESI. † 29,46,58 H 2 O + e À À OH À / H ads (Volmer step)…”